Geography Was the Primary Factor in Shaping the Development of the British Colonies in North America

Throughout the course of human history, geography has always vie an essential role in the migration and development of various civilizations. It influenced the way tidy sum lived, the food they ate, and their entire life. For some colonies, the geography was perfect to live in, spot others had to endure harsh conditions. When the Quakers first arrived to Pennsylvania, they were capable to establish a winning colony through rough work, solely their geography was what determined the success.The stiff climate and fertile soil made it an excellent place to fetch wheat, bread, and other profitable crops to supply more than enough for everyone. The Middle Colonies ( pertly York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware) did not only have fertile land, but they also had rivers and the sea for hunting fish and establishing ports. The ports made it accessible for the Middle Colonies to easily mountain goods with Great Britain and other colonies, enticing foreigners such as the Germans and Scots Irish to settle down.On the other hand, the New England Colonies did not fare come to as well as the Middle Colonies did, since the land wasnt as fertile and the colonies was located on a rocky region, making it hard for plants to grow. When Jamestown was first established, the colonists faced a very difficult time because they were unprepared for the cold weather and lacked food to survive through the harsh climates. However, they were able to prevail and utilized the sea and abundance of trees, and eventually grew tobacco to shape rich and successful.While geography played a significant portion in the development of colonies, one should also consider the influence of religion. mess that wanted to escape religious persecution from the Anglican Church established colonies and soon, plurality flooded into the Americas. However, within these religious communities were those that had their own beliefs, and these people created their own colonies. For example, Roger Williams and doubting Thomas Hooker had differentiating views of how the community should be run, and they were banished.Despite this banishment, Roger Williams eventually established Rhode Island, where he allowed complete religious tolerance and Thomas Hooker created Connecticut for more more lenient voting right requirements. Geography surely was a primary factor in the development of British colonies in coupling America as it determined the success or failure of the colonies, but religion also greatly influenced the development of the British colonies.

Cases in Financial Management Essay

Case SynopsisFounded in 1984 Laurentian Bakeries Inc. ope casts in the industry of manufacturing a broad variety of frozen baked products within their three operating places in Montreal, Winnipeg and Toronto. The operating plants produce items such(prenominal) as frozen pizza pie pie in Winnipeg, MB, pies in Montreal, QC and Cakes in Toronto, ON- with each representing 30%, 30% and 40% of the rack up revenue stream respectively. The buyers for this familiarity include orotund institutional clients such dominos pizza, etc. which have a signifi apprisetly racy level of power whereas the seller of the products consists of several food producers which have a relatively low level of power.With the cost of setting up a plant of this scale being high, substitute products testament as well s realise high in the market causation the overall profit marge to be low. With the teleph mavinrs ongoing effort for continuous proceeds Danielle Knowles (VP of operations) proposed to expand integrity of the operating plants in Winnipeg-which was based on the probability if the attach to expanded into the U.S. market.StatementThe statement of the problem is how Danielle Knowles will pass water a capital project expenditure proposal to expand the communitys frozen pizza plant in Winnipeg which is consistent and in line with the companys capital allocation policy. The proposal should withal satisfy the companys continuous effort for improvement, identification of disoriented opportunities, satisfaction of HR and environmental squeezes and provide sufficient ROI.Situational compendThe strengths of the company be clearly visible through the companys hard-hitting operations and reputable image in the industry. Being ace of the top five in the industry, Laurentian Bakeries has established themselves as a dominant fake in the market however, with a shortage in capacity it hobopotentially overpower the strengths repayable to its negative impact on the com pany. This includes a accrue in sales and potential decreases in retailer support.Nevertheless, with the mention of a capacity shortage and an opportunity to expand and grow in the U.S. market the company seems to be in good standing. Moving out to a different area amongst the competition, all the products are similar which delegate there is heavy competition. The presence of numerous suppliers makes this industry highly competitive, as a result, there is high aggression amongst competitors. This is a leading component part that indicates this is non an attractive business to be in.SWOT ANALYSISStrengths* Danielle Knowles has work through in the food industry for 13 years. This is a great make for the company, because she is able to use her knowledge and experience and apply it for Laurentian Bakeries in redact to improve operations or even avoid errors. This in production evict potentially save the company from incurring additional expenses. * Danielle has her procures in Business Administration which indicates that she is educated and has the credentials to swan her position as the VP of operations. Also, Danielle is able to use that knowledge and apply it to day-after-day operations of the company. * Laurentian has above average consideration for human resource and environmental impacts.This benefits the company to the extent that it creates a public awareness which shows their commitment to the confederacy which in return can potentially be used as a marketing likewisel to attract more sales. * Laurentian company is one of the five large firms that produce frozen foods dominating 21% of the market. This indicates that they are a dominant player in the market and have survived umteen difficulties from various competitions. * Well established and profitable company which indicates that they have survived one full economic cycle and have withstood their competition. * The company has a modify revenue stream with three operating plants locate d in major cities which are not as perily as a exclusive revenue stream. * All three segments are profitable.* Low cost pizza producer which is helping to expand into the US. Market.* Laurentian Bakeries has an integrated workforce such as sales, marketing, etc. for all of their operating plants.Weakness* Shortage of capacity. If this weakness is not dealt with the company can face losses in their sales because of the shortage. This in return lowers the overall profit of the company and can potentially decrease buyers if they cannot meet the demand due to the shortage. * Class 1 products are too risky and by taking such a great risk any wrong doing can have a negative impact on the company.Opportunities* Arrangement to supply large U.S. based grocery train with nonpublic label brand. If the opportunity is taken to its advantage the company can potentially see higher figures in sales and profits. * Since U.S. pizza usage is 3x bigger than the Canadian segment the overall US mar ket is bigger which can potentially lead to a higher market share. * indoors N.A. the economy is recovering modestly and is expected to grow. This indicates that consumer spending on arbitrary items such as food products will stick strong.Threats* Inflation is forecasted to remain between 3-5%. This may cause interest rates to rise causing the cost of capital to annex higher than its current level. Capital projects such as expansion may suffer. * North American growth rate of gross domestic product slowed down which may lower the company sales. * Threat of new entrants will increase competition and is always a factor that makes the sales aggressive. * Health Conscious consumers will potentially require sales due to the products offered by Laurentian Bakeries are considered unhealthy. With on-going health awareness the products offered by Laurentian Bakeries might not meet the changing demand of consumers.Porters Five ForcesBuyers Power* Mixed Power.* There are two types of buye rs large institutional buyers such asdominos pizza & pizza pizza as well as large retailers. Thousands of smaller clients have less power because of their current low patronage base.Supplier Power* Low Power.* Pizza suppliers distribute production to pizza stores, restaurants and grocery chain stores. Since there are numerous suppliers in the market for ingredients such as cheese, flour, vegetables, etc. they have low power.Barriers to Entrant* broad(prenominal)* Due to high capital costs, skilled workforces, environmental regulations, high statistical distribution channels, entry into this industry is high.Threat of Substitute* High* The products offered by Laurentian such as their Pizza can be made at central office or even purchased fresh from fast food restaurants. Also they can easily be substituted for other products such as calzone, sandwiches, tacos, etc. aspiration* High* There is high competition for the items offered by Laurentian Bakers. Competition for their pizza ba ked items can easily be substituted through franchised restaurants such as Pizza Pizza, Boston Pizza, Pizza Hut, etc. also competition is high through other companies offering the kindred goods. In addition, this company is also competing against other food products rather than frozen pizza alone.Financial AnalysisFinancial SummaryLaurentian Bakeries is seeing a hard cash increase from $6.2 trillion in 1993 to almost double its value of $13.1 billion in 1995. At the same era long term debt for the company has increased by $7.23 million which indicated that Laurentian Bakeries is funded by its long term debt and has not utilized itscash and therefore has incurred additional interest expenses. Moving over to the sales figures, Laurentian Bakeries has seen an increase of 11% from 1993-95 however, net income is flat which indicates that their COGS and operating expenses have also move almost at the same pace as sales. This setback has no advantage to the shareholders.Alternatives1 . Continue original plans to continue expansion in Winnipeg.2. physical body a plant in U.S. to cater to that market.3. Buy an existing plant.4. carry the Toronto plant as it is the strongest plant for the company.RecommendationsBy carefully analyzing all the alternatives, we advise alternative one as the best fit solution to this company due to it being most practical at the companys current situation. We strongly believe that continuing original plans to expand in Winnipeg is the beneficial solution for the company as they already produce the same type of products and have the additional land to carry forward the expansion, because this plant is a low cost producer and is ideal to utilize the U.S private label sector. In addition, this alternative is beneficial because it is consistent with the companys overall objectives. Given the discount rate of 18% and a $5.2 million capital investment the NPV of the expected cash flow is positive.Moreover, recommendation one is the best s uited for this company because * There is land readily uncommitted in Winnipeg. This can save the company some money in terms of the expansion because these will incur less of an expense due to Laurentian owning the extra land space. * Building a plant in U.S. will require a lot of capital, additional expenses for hiring, training, etc., and potential change in production, management or other techniques due to different regulations in U.S. * Expanding in Toronto will also require additional capital and additional time to hire and train the workforce to produce the pizza products which arent produced in the Toronto facility.

Quality by John Galsworthy Characters Essay

Narrator The Narrator starts the story about how he knew the Gessler brothers. The startle introducing is raised up by the narrator as the early person, refers to first field, I knew HIM from the days of my extreme youth, because he made my fathers boot character I refers to the narrator and HIM refers to the person that is immediately told, Mr. Gessler. This kernel that the Narrator knew Mr. Gessler because his father is a customer of the boot slangr. In this line I remember well my shy remark, one day, while stint out to him my youthful foot shows that the Narrator, also, has been a customer of the boot make since he was young. The Narrator is a curios person, particularly to the boots that Mr. Gessler makes. It swears in the story that he finds it Mysterious and Wonderful. I also notice that the Narrator is a rattling loyal customer for he had patronized of the Gesslers boots ever since.though it was mentioned in the story that once he went to Mr. Gesslers shop, absent-m indedly wearing boots bought by emergency at some large firm, which made Mr. Gessler notice and say Dose are nod my boods. The Narrator described the tone as not one of anger, nor of sorrow, not even of contempt, but there was in it something quiet that froze the blood. In the next minute that made him ordered many a(prenominal) pairs that are more durable than the last one he bought. younger Gessler The Younger Gessler is a boot maker from German. He is the youngest of the Gessler brothers. He owns a shoe shop together with his brother. The Younger Gessler makes most of the boot making.The indite described him as an old man with crinkly red tomentum and cricnkly yellow face. The Narrator compared his face to a leather stiff and wearisome of purpose, except for his gray-blue eyes. As for his character, Mr. Gessler was truly disciplined, once he comprehend the request from his customers, he would finish the boots as soon as he could. He would make the boots with the authentic materials. It means that he wanted to produce priority to the quality of the boots he made. He did not care how more than the price of materials. If the customers felt satisfied with his made, he would be satisfied too. Thats why some reader would say that he has a very rare character. Elder Gessler- The older brother, who also the co-owner of the shoe shop. He looks good like his brother but a lot paler. They would know that it was him once he said I will ask my brudder.

Industrial Relation

O LYMPIA B USINESS S CHOOL Advanced Diploma In wrinkle Administration F ILO -T EXT industrial RELATIONS October, 1998 R AFFLES E DUCATION G ROUP Kuala Lumpur w Petaling Jaya w Penang w Singapore w Jakarta w Bangkok w capital of Red China w London w New-York work Of by run into & flock industrial traffic T ABLE OF C ONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS . 2 INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THE FILO-TEXT? 4 ASSESSMENT .. 5 Individual date 5 Mid-term interrogatory Team go out .. 5 FINAL E XAMINATION. .. 6 ATTENDANCE. 6 FEES CONTACT TIME 7 regular .. 7 Part-time .. 7 THE ACADEMIC team .. field of view planner 9 week 1 . 10 calendar week 2 . 12 calendar week 3 . 4 calendar week 4 . 16 WEEK 5 . 18 WEEK 6 . 20 WEEK 7 . 2 WEEK 8 . 24 WEEK 9 . 25 WEEK 10 .. 27 WEEK 11 .. 9 WEEK 12 .. 31 capital of Washington blood train foliate 2 rail Of argument & merchandise industrial dealings INTRODUCTION THE SUBJECT INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS capital of Washington argumentation schoolhouse summon 3 scho oldays Of stock & market industrial dealing HOW TO USE THE FILO-TEXT? The Filo-text is a tool to guide in this subject. It provides you general information on the hobby sound judgment attending Fees Contact time The pedantic team The academic plannerFor every week, it then provides you with the following information The conjure Topic The objective(s) of the raise The textbook and the chapter(s) and page(s) related to the given topic The other(a)(a) reference books easy to you in the library Additional reference material for your own research The objective(s) of the tutorial Questions to prep be for discussion during the tutorial Questions for your personal valuement utilize the Filo-text to prep be yourself prior to the lecture, in the midst of the lecture and the tutorial and subsequently the tutorial.capital of Washington tune School rascal 4 School Of channel & merchandise industrial transaction ASSESSMENT Student assessment leave after part be evaluated base on the following 1) 2) 3) 4) Individual Assignment Mid-Term Examination Team Project Final Examination 15 % 15 % 20 % 50 % speed of light % Total Individual Assignment An individual assigning forget be given to the school-age child on week 2 and lead shake up to be re trolled no later than week 6. The marked grant will be returned to the scholar by no later than week 8. The assignment will be related to the topics covered among week 1 and week 4 inclusive.It will comprise a create verbally radical of no more than 1000 words. Should the student fail to submit his/her assignment on week 6, the result will automatically be nil. Mid-term Examination A mid-term question will be conducted during week 8. It will assess the students knowledge and understanding of the topics covered up to week 6. The results, together with the solve scripts, will be returned to the students no later than week 10. Should a student be absent without a valid apology, the result will automatically be nil.Team Project A specific team project will be assigned. any one of the team projects submitted for any one of the other subjects of the course will be assessed as a tool of transaction Communication. capital of Washington communication channel School varlet 5 School Of Business & merchandising industrial relations FINAL EXAMINATION The final examination will be conducted week 13 or week 14 and its duration will be 3 hours. Registration for the examination is circularize from week 3 onwards and will close as per nonification. reconcile sure you register on time. No late adaptation will be entertained.The format of the examination is as follows division A Section B Total Short Essay Questions Essay-type Questions 5 * 4 Points Any 4 out of 6 *20 Points 100 Points ATTENDANCE Attendance for both the lectures and the tutorials is compulsory. Any student not attending a affiliate should provide a medical certificate or a written justification (signed by a pargonnt or guardian in the case of a full-time student). Should a student fail to do so, he / she will be considered truant. Should a students attendance for a given subject be lower than 80%, he / she will not be allowed to sit for the final examination.Punctuality is equally important. The proofreader is entitled to refuse entry into the classroom to any student who is late. FEES The registration fee is to be paid upon registration. The course fee is paid each in full, per semester or by installments. For feements made in full, the payment is ascribable before the first lecture. For payments made by semester, the payment per semester is due on the first day of the semester. For monthly instalments, the first payment is due on the first day of classes while the subsequent payments argon due on the first day of each subsequent month.Should any student countenance difficulty to pay his / her fees on time, he / she must meet with the (Deputy) tip to arrange an alternative. An y student who has not settled his / her fees and did not met with the (Deputy) leadland will not be allowed to attend classes or sit for an examination. capital of Washington Business School page 6 School Of Business & Marketing industrial dealing CONTACT TIME Full-time The duration of the classes on 12 weeks. Contact time consists of 1 1/2 hours of lecture and 1 1/2 hours of tutorial per week. Part-time The duration of the classes is 12 weeks. Contact time consists of 1 ? hours of lecture per week.For each hour of contact, the student is expected to spend at least 2 hours of unsupervised work, be it individually or in-group. Olympia Business School rapscallion 7 School Of Business & Marketing industrial dealing THE ACADEMIC TEAM At the beginning of the first lecture, please fill-in the following Your subscriber is The lecture get winds place on the room . . between and in Your charabanc is The tutorial takes place on room . . between and in The lecturer and tutor are always thither to help you. You are advise to consult them on a continuous basis. Your correct Lecturer is Your Class Lecturer consultations take place on in room . between and The Lecturer-in-Charge of the School of Business & Marketing in your centre is . The (Deputy Principal is . Olympia Business School paginate 8 School Of Business & Marketing industrial traffic SUBJECT PLANNER INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 DATE case An Overview of Malayan industrial transaction The commerce Laws I The employment Laws II The Law on Occupational Safety & Health contend amount of money I Trade marrow II corporate negotiate I Mid Semester Examination Collective Bargaining II Trade contravention & industrial Actions The industrial lawcourt industrial Discipline FINAL EXAMOlympia Business School paginate 9 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial dealing WEEK 1 Subject fair game An Overview Of Malaysian Industrial Relations thought what is Ind ustrial Relations Describing the Industrial Relations re chief(prenominal)s Unilateral, Bilateral and Tripartite corpse Identifying who needs to study Industrial Relations Realizing the influence of International bodies Government departments and agencies Industrial Court Textbook(s) Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relations by Maimunah Aminuddin, second ed, 1990 Chapter 1 rogue No. 1 15 abduce Books & Journals 1. 2. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & bore by Dunston Ayadurai, 2nd discrepancy 1996 Malaysian theme Olympia Business School Page 10 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations tutorial Questions 1. How far would it be correct to argue that the incidents of industrial conflicts is dependent on the presence of a positive legal division model assigned principally to regulate the actions of employers and craftiness legal jointures. 2. Conflicts are not of necessity good or bad but must be evaluated in term of its individual and organizational f unction and dysfunction. Discuss. . Suppose youre the HR Manager and are having the following problems. For each problem, which government agency would you turn to for assistance? a) An employee complains that the heart will not allow members to speak up at the topical anesthetic unions meeting. b) The company and the union are deadlocked over the term of a new repel agreement. egotism Assessment Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. Who are the parties involved in the industrial relations brass? Malaysia has a tripartite scheme of industrial relations. What does this mean? What is the role of the Ministry of gay Resources in the industrial relations system?List the major labour laws. What is the usance of each? Which department of the Ministry of Human Resources is responsible for enforcing each of these laws? Olympia Business School Page 11 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 2 Subject The Employment Laws I Objectives Understanding the Malaysian Employment Act The Enforcement of Employment Act Describing the functions of fatigue Court Determining the issues covered by the Employment Act reading what is a bring of swear out, Written and Oral Contracts Duration of the Employment ContractTextbook(s) Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relations by Maimunah Aminuddin, 2nd ed, 1990 Chapter 2 Page No. 18 27 prolongation Books & Journals 1. 2. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & institutionalise by Dunston Ayadurai, 2nd Edition 1996 Malaysian Newspaper Olympia Business School Page 12 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations tutorial Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Should persistence conflict be regarded as inevitable in an industry high society? Why? What are the causes of industrial Conflicts? Evaluate the Contribution of the Human Relations school to an understanding of industrial Conflict. Over emphasis on regards results in an inability to detect the symptoms of Conflict other than engage symptoms and inappropriate i nsurance policy Prescriptions. Discuss. Why are some industries more strike prone than others? self Assessment Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. What is the main purpose for the existence of the Employment Act? Which workers are protected by the Employment Act? What are the main matters that stern be settled by the Labour Court? What is Contract of service? Olympia Business School Page 13 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial RelationsWEEK 3 Subject The Employment Laws II Objectives Understanding the swear out of termination of contract, Notice Realizing Payment of Wages Wage periods, Advances deductions, truck system Explaining the employment of Women Describing the Children and modern Persons Act, 1966 Textbook(s) Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relations by Maimunah Aminuddin, 2nd ed, 1990 Chapter 2 Page No. 29 41 Reference Books & Journals 1. 2. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & Practice by Dunston Ayadurai, 2nd Edition 1996 Malaysian NewspaperOlympia Business School Page 14 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations tutorial Questions 1. An industrial relations Professor once stated The substance line of business agent is the most important member of your personnel department. Comment. 2. What is the kosher role or first-line care in Contract administration? How tush the first-line supervisor be made more effective in treatment Grievance? 3. From the perspective of society, is there an argument to be made in favor of strikes? Is a strike ever in the publics best interests? 4.Why should governments be regarded as important party to any system of industrial relations? 5. Explain the machinery, which the Federal Government has established for regulating the look intos of employment of its own employees? 6. Public service employment can never be fully depoloticised. Discuss the industrial relations implications of this statement. Self Assessment Questions 1) 2) 3) Explain the cognitive process of Contract termination. depic t the termination benefits. pick up the Children and Young Persons Act Olympia Business School Page 15School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 4 Subject The Law on Occupational Safety and Health. Objective Describing the Factories and Machinery Act 1967 Identifying the Employees/Employers duties. Understanding the Notification of calamity and Occupational Diseases Improvement and prohibition Notices Describing the Employees Social Security Act 1969 Workmens Compensation Act 1952 Textbook(s) Chapter Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relations Maimunah Aminuddin 3 Page No 43 55 Reference Books 1. 2.Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & Practice by Dunston Ayadurai present moment Edition 1996 Malaysian Newspaper Olympia Business School Page 16 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations tutorial Questions 1. 2. What are the reasons keister its (Occupational Health and Safety) becoming a more prominent issue in the 1980s? In 1979, Gunningham and Creighton wrote that for Unions Safety comes a good third behind wages and the maintenance of employment, and much(prenominal) attention as it does get is generally concentrated on hire rather than prevention.Is this still an spotless assessment of Union priorities? Do employees and their Unions drive home a role to play in promoting health and safety? 3. Olympia Business School Page 17 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 5 Subject Objectives Introduction to Union Movement Explaining the legal exposition of consider union Find out why do workers pith cope union? Realizing the Trade Union objectives Illustrating the right to form and marry a commerce union Explaining the registration process of a trade union Trade Union 1Textbook(s) Chapter Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relations Maimunah Aminuddin 4 Page No 57-76 Reference Books 1. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & Practice Dunston Ayadurai turn Edition 1996 2. Malaysian New spaper Olympia Business School Page 18 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations Tutorial Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. In your own words, condone why Unions usually file the most grievance? How are local and national unions effected by International Competition? When an employee has a flush about a Management action in a organised operation, how does he or she go about resolving us?What factors have led to the formation of employer associations? Self Assesment Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Why do workers trade union trade unions? What are the main implications, which can be deduced from the legal definition of a trade union? What actions can employers take to discourage their employees from joining a trade union? Who can join a union? Who cannot join a union? Comment on the medium of the trade union movement today? Why do employers join unions? Olympia Business School Page 19 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 6 Subject Objectives Trade Union II Identifyi ng the Workers Unions Number of Unions Size of Union Types of Unions In-house Union, National Union and Public union Explaining the Employers Associations Describing the MTUC, its functions and objectives Explaining other trade union Malaysian Employers Federation functions and objectives Malaysia Labor Organization Textbook(s) Chapter(s) Malaysian Employment Law And Maimunah Aminuddin Reference Book & Journals 1. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & Practice Dunston Ayadurai, bite Edition1996 2. Malaysian Newspaper Industrial Relations 4 Pages 77-96Olympia Business School Page 20 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations Tutorial Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. What factors unite and divide the employer associations? Has there been any trend towards wider union involvement in social and political issues? Has the government any real business in interfering with the internal stopping point making process of trade union? To what extent can government regulations be in(pre dicate) in guaranteeing democracy within unions? Self Assessment Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. What is an in-house Union? draught the difference between National and Public Union.What are the functions of the Malaysian Trade Union Congress? compendium the Malaysian Employers Federation objectives. Olympia Business School Page 21 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 7 Subject Lecture Objectives Understanding what is a Collective Bargaining Find out the objectives in conducting a Collective Bargaining Describing the Union Bargaining Strength Recognition Financial strength Solidarity Explaining the recognition and de-recognition procedures Identifying the collective bargaining procedure and process Collective Bargaining 1Textbook(s) Chapter Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relation Maimunah Aminuddin 5 Page No 99-111 Reference Books & Journals 1. 2. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & Practice, Dunston Ayadurai sanction Edition 1996 Malaysian Newspaper Oly mpia Business School Page 22 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations Tutorial Questions 1. GPL is a company employing between 100 and 200 skilled engineers and electricians plump for by about twice as many unskilled and tractor trailer skilled workers in each of 4 major urban areas. The head office employs about 300 clerks and threes a hearty transport section.About half the drivers and no craft workers are members of union called worldwide Transport Union and similar proportion of all the other workers are member of other union. GPL has been growing fast. Its management has hitherto determined salaries and condition of work without actually involving union officials and although in the past, there have not been any labour problems. There have been a number of cause in the wear year or when a dispute has precisely just been avoided. Recently management was approached by General Trade Union official with a view to obtaining sole negotiating rights.Assuming GPL gra nts sole negotiating to the GTU, youre needed to a) cede 4 benefits, which may result from such representative system. b) Give 4 benefits of collective bargaining in such a situation. 2. Outline and explain unfair labour practiced by a) Unions b) Management. 3. Explain the main industrial actions that can be taken by a trade union. 4. What are guidelines for an effective negotiation? Self Assessment Questions 1. What is a collective bargaining? 2. What are the different between unilateral and bilateral decision making? 3. Describe the step in the collective bargaining process? . What factors influence the outcome collective bargaining? Olympia Business School Page 23 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 8 MID SEMESTER EXAM Olympia Business School Page 24 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 9 Subject Collective Bargaining I Objective i Find out the characteristic of offective negotiators Communication skills collections of information decision making objective, strategies and tactic i Understanding Collective Agreement i Identifying Items normally Found in Collective Agreement i Public celestial sphereTextbook(s) Chapter Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relation Maimunah Aminuddin 5 Page No 113 129 Reference Books & Journals 1. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & Practice, Dunston Ayadurai Second Edition 1996 2. Malaysian Newspaper Olympia Business School Page 25 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations Tutorial Questions 1. Since labormanagement cooperation is important to the economic victory of the business and eventually to the union ability to negotiate wage gains and other benefits for members, what are some of the ways you could recommend improving labor management co- opera 2.Describe the major incidences of strike? 3. Assume your company has properly conducted compensation program. If several employees ask you why they receive different hourly pay rates even though they perform the same job, how will resolve? Self Assessment Questions 1. What are the characteristics of an effective negotiators? 2. Describe the item unremarkably found in the collective agreements. 3. Why is the wage setting system in the sector public sector different from that in the hole-and-corner(a) sector? Olympia Business School Page 26 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 10Subject Trade Disputes and Industrial Action Objective iUnderstanding the trade disputes iFind out the different between Picketing , strike iDescribing the industrial action could be taken by the employer iExplaining the settlement of trade disputes Direct negotiations Conciliation Arbitration Textbook(s) Chapter Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relation Maimunah Aminuddin 6 Page No 131 154 Reference Books & Journals 1. 2. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & Practice, Dunston Ayadurai Second Edition 1996 Malaysian Newspaper Olympia Business School Page 27School Of Business & Ma rketing Industrial Relations Tutorial Questions 1. Should all workers have the right to strike? (Consider special groups such as doctors, post office staff and banking employees) 2. The Union of Transport Employees (UTE) had for the last six months been negotiating with XYZ Bus Company on proposals for their third collective agreement. However, after five meetings the company refused to continue negotiations. Advise the union representatives what actions they might take to solve this problem. Make sure you inform them of the possible consequence of their actions. 3.What are the economic consequences of strike action? 4. In case of impending strike action by employees what preparations might an employer make? Questions available for self-assessment 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) What is a trade dispute and what causes such disputes? List the types of industrial action that may be taken by workers Are a picket and a proof the same? What is a lock-out? How can an employer continue product ion once a strike has been called? Under what conditions would a strike be illegal? What is the role of the Ministry of Human Resources in setting labor disputes?Explain the difference between voluntary and compulsory arbitration. What are the differences between conciliation and arbitration? Olympia Business School Page 28 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 11 Subject Objectives Understanding the twist and proceedings of the Court, trophys of the Court Find out what is unfair dismissal claims Explaining the regulation of conduct for Industrial Harmony Describing the cognizance of Collective Agreements. The Industrial Court Textbook(s) Chapter Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relation Maimunah Aminuddin 7 Page No 155 176Reference Books & Journals 3. 4. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & Practice, Dunston Ayadurai Second Edition 1996 Malaysian Newspaper Olympia Business School Page 29 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations Tutori al Questions 1. For a trade dispute that will be settled by Industrial Court to exist, the employer or employee pertain must be stand for by the union. However, there are two exceptions to this rule. What are those exceptions? Why has there been a recent trend towards co-operation between Union/Management? Outline the Industrial actions that can be taken by Employers. . 3. Questions for self-assessment 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What is the main purpose for having an arbitration system? What is the main function of the Industrial Court? Describe the structure of the Industrial Court? Who can represent the parties during Court proceedings? Can Court awards be appealed against? Describe the type of cases the Court has the legal power to hear. What type of cases can be referred direct to the Court by the parties concerned? Olympia Business School Page 30 School Of Business & Marketing Industrial Relations WEEK 12Subject Objectives Find out the grandeur of Disciplinary Action Understan ding the Disciplinary Actions, Disciplinary Action for disappointing Performance Illustrating the Guidelines for an effective Disciplinary Action Explaining Industrial court Award and unfair dismissal Misconduct / Industrial Discipline Textbook(s) Chapter Malaysian Employment Law and Industrial Relation Maimunah Aminuddin 8 Page No 177 193 Reference Books & Journals 5. 6. Industrial Relations in Malaysia Law & Practice, Dunston Ayadurai Second Edition 1996 Malaysian Newspaper Olympia Business School

Successful Online Distance Learning

Successful Online Distance culture The advent of technology has enabled most universities to provide distance learning capabilities. calcium Intercontinental University provides technology enabled distance education in a favorable manner. I made a decision to enroll in an online architectural plan to achieve my Doctor of Business Administration degree to advance my go forward. I am fully awargon that, pursuing my education in an open distance learning environment is non going to be easy.First and foremost, balancing my online learning endeavor together with maintaining my regular life commitments involving family matters, my crease and social interactions is expected to be challenging. In order to overcome these challenges, I recall to create eliminate enabling environment for my online learning inhabit without too much disruptions affecting my way of life. To achieve my objectives, I whitethorn have to compromise on some of my social interactions, weekend retreats and hobbi es.Establishing appropriate time and place for reading, comprehensions and conducting my regular assignments to stay on truck are critical success factors that enrich my new online learning experience. While I possess extensive experience using technology (computers and the Internet), acquiring bona fide and sustainable confabulation bandwidth for Internet access is essential. This can be achieved by upgrading my current communication link to a reasonable but productive speed. Furthermore, laping in a mobile environment will allow in to use the Internet from anywhere at any time.To excel in all of my online courses, I realize that making enough preparation to work in technology environment is critical. Accomplishing weekly assignments alone may not be enough to learn more and retain knowledge. I intend to widen my online learning experience with some extra work in order to retain extra knowledge to achieve my goals. Furthermore, establishing good communication and interaction w ith my instructors, advisors and peers is vital to learn more and share knowledge.

Murmuring Judges

Re-read Act 2 Scene 3. How does H be pose tensions betwixt officeistics in this scene and the play as a altogether? In Murmuring Judges, rabbit demonstrates m whatever different tensions amid the various characters and systems within the play. In Act 2 Scene 3, we pick up the events taking place inside the patrol office. We see their twenty-four hours to day actions, mainly filling out paper written report. However also include is an intimate conversation amid Barry and Sandra, exposing Barrys buy actions against Gerard and the other criminals.Throughout the scene, and indeed the rest of the play, cony presents tensions in different ways, whether it be through the wording use of the characters, the coordinate of their curses or even the coiffe directions. Perhaps the close prominent tension that hare has presented in this scene is in the affinity between Barry and Sandra. The pair find themselves alone within the police station and immediately the audience under stands that they are romanticistally involved, but are safekeeping it a secret. I do get tired of the secrecy. It makes the whole involvement seem silly.Assignations. Times and places. Its already been made clear that their human race is strained, with Barry describing it as if it was work. However, its through the quarrel of Sandra that the tensions between the two are made obvious to the audience. Dont you rather like that? , Hasnt it? , is that what you mean? . Sandras frequent questioning suggests annoyance with what Barrys saying, un able(p) to understand or accept his talk. Hare also uses sentence structure to express the tensions between the pair. How are you? Fine. I havent seen you. no(prenominal) Hare has use very short sentences to further demonstrate that the relationship is strained, with an awkwardness and hesitation in their communication. To add even more to this effect, Hare uses the stage directions to show just how tense it is. (She waits), (He waits a mom ent), (Theres a pause). Hare uses pauses and moments of silence to create an atmosphere where even the audience tint uncomfortable. However its not just awkwardness that Hare uses the stage directions to demonstrate, he also presents anger. (He is suddenly firm, as if his patience were worn overpower.This shows that Barry is obviously very annoyed with Sandra or perhaps himself, creating a very tense atmosphere. Since this scene includes of the policemen and women, Hare presents other tensions separate to Barry and Sandras relationship. For example, Hare develops on the audiences understanding that there is tension between the police force and how their profession works a message Hare has put forwards in several of the previous scenes. This is demonstrated immediately with Jimmys opening lyric. An officer on the beat witnesses, in reality witnesses, one crime every ten years.Jimmy is expressing his annoyance with the event that the police are unable to catch criminals, since th eyre stuck doing paper work most of the time. Hare also presented this issue through Barrys speech in Act 1 Scene 5. If you never made any arrests, youd all be out on the streets all the time, and capital of the United Kingdom would be so much better policed. This shows that they are obviously disturbed with how they must perform their duties, showing the tension between the police and their have got profession. This relates to the context of the play and the fact that at that time, the police force were weakness to act upon the vast majority of crimes.Hare also uses Jimmys speech to present the tensions between the police and the bench, a point which Hare demonstrates throughout the play. Theres maybe thirty-five cases. Most of them you havent got a chance. Jimmy is angered that the judiciary arent able to prosecute all these criminals with lots of evidence against them. Barry uses this argument to justify his corrupt actions against the Gerard and the other men, knowing he need ed some hard evidence. Youre allowed a way of doing things which is actually your own. Hare shows this tension between the two systems on the side of the judiciary in Act 2 Scene 2 with Sir mother fucker. Just imagine the scale of your problem if the police began to have some significant success. Hare has presented that both the judiciary and the police feel that the other side are the ones responsible for permit criminals go free. Hare also presents tension within the judiciary with the characters of Sir Peter and Cuddeford. In Act 1 Scene 2, Hare shows an obvious disceptation between the two as they discuss Sir Peters tuner appearance. Once again Hare uses short sentences to suggest annoyance and bitterness. No, Indeed, I see. Cuddeford is obviously uninterested or jealous so he uses brief responses to try to limit Sir Peters boasting. If fallible is how you wished to appearits none if my business. Cuddefords language is also used to present the competiveness and tension betw een them. Hare has used a variety of techniques to show many different forms of tension in Act 2 Scene 3 and the play as whole. The characters language is perhaps the most obvious clue when spying anger or annoyance, but its through stage directions and sentence structure that Hare fully demonstrates tension whether it be of a romantic nature with Barry and Sandra, an ignorance with the police and the judiciary, or the rivalry between Cuddeford and Sir Peter.

Adrienne Rich

This essay pass on present the report of the mapmaker in Adrienne sufficients allow atlas of the difficult World. The themes by means ofout the book will be extolled in this essay and dissected through the theme of this subject brought together through metaphor, concrete imagery and the allusion to protrude as come up as destination which sizable suggests throughout her build in concepts both metaphysical, and real. amples title metrical composition of Atlas of the Difficult World brings forth a voice which is cut into a wave- sorticle duality of realism as well as a harsh m early(a) wit of that public. The images prevalent in this poetry brings the images of the map into a bizarre reality which suggests a striking and h 1st concept of Americana in a impress light. This is the key mover of the theme of map in Richs Atlas of the Difficult World which is, in the very least, best expound as disturbing.The title verse relates to the contri yetor the concept of womens work. This poem whence imagines for the contri besidesors the liking of taperment much(prenominal) as topographical, geographical or landscape Rich presents the concept to the ratifier of where a charr is in relation to the margins of the country.The poem further expounds upon this notion by suggesting the idea, or earlier of questioning the subscriber as to the nature of the womans place in relation to our consciousness in a topographical sniff out of the term. This would agnisem as though Rich is delving into a political catamenia of consciousness, but it is in the map, in the geographics, or landscape which rests as the cover of the poems place as it relates to the ratifier.In the issue of maps, of place, Rich withal brings forth the concept of utilizations, of patriarchy and the womans dialectic towards such a predestined power. Rich goes on to extrapolate from the concept of topography the idea of a womans place, or womens work.The poem is a tantalizing tease between the idea of womens work in the margins of the country, and the map of womens recorded obsequious nature, but not her bouncy consciousness as to her protest definition of place. The title poem then serves as a gateway from the speaker to the reader through the data track of topography into the un-traversed landscape of indirect and misguided concepts of what womens work is, and the conscious factor of that work and its place in the United States. The poem serves as an tinge to an alternative to the idea of landscape, of the United States in regards to feminism (as is a ideal theme in Richs poems), politics, and personal space.The way in which boundaries of the map (politics, consciousness, gender, etc.) argon disregarded by the speaker is a important element in the poem this disregard allows for both the speaker and the reader to explore other aras of the typography, and the structure of such devices as gender, roles, etc.Thus, the speaker allows the reader to realize the relation of self, role, politics, and all of the above, to the composition of the atlas, and the role that an individual, or in this case, the role of the reader as a map readerI promised to show you a map you say but this is a mural then yes let it be these are small distinctions where do we see it from is the question (pt. II, ll. 22-24).Thus, the concept of personal roles comes into play in the poem as a question of perspective.The role of the narrator then is to allow the reader a chance to be guided through the atlas. The atlas in the poem pays attention to not only geography but excessively stories such stories are in relation to diachronic facts as well as personal screws.This allows the reader to respond to the poem through miscellaneous avenues of perspective such as they whitethorn be presented through historical place, and geography as well as body and mind locations thus, for each one reading of the poem by individual readers will recall a unalike perspective of the atlas since each reader is coming from their own personal frame of commendation.The poet, the narrator comes into the poem and suggests or brings forth to the reader the daring possibility of questioning their own place in the atlas, the landscape.This altercate is perpetuated from the concept of womens work, and the changing definition of what that entails, These are not roads / you knew me by. But the woman driving, walking, watching / for life and death, is the same (pt. I, ll. 77-79).The narrator presents women on the map, or the road to the reader, and the reader in turn becomes an active part of the poem since the reader brings their own interpretation through personal reference to the perspective of these women.The poems then are different roads along the entireness of the atlas, and the question which the poet reiterates to the reader is where do the poems take the reader which direction? Thus, program line of the role of the map is a central motif in Richs Atlas of a Difficult World.The following poems of Atlas of a Difficult World then are each designed as a road into the different split of the atlas on different levels and from different perspectives. The poems are not limited to the topography of the atlas but as well as delve into the hi fable of the place. There are thirteen parts of the book which in turn are vignettes which come from a myriad of womens lives.The voice which Rich lends to each stage is relatively urgent and gives the reader a sense that it is important that they read these lines not only for the attain of the woman who lived the story but for the readers personal make since it is with the reader that a continuation and change in the story may occur. This allows the reader to become part of an oral story for the nation, and thus a map maker in a sense, as memory is presented by Rich as a type of map, it is with this metaphor that the poems progress. It is by recognizing the splendour of history, even in small ch aracters that allows for the roles of women to change from obsequious to strong willed from patriarchic to gynocentric. Richs purpose in her poems is a striking muniment of forcing the reader to notice how women have been excluded in large part from the history, the geography of the land, the United States history.Thus, through use of landscape and the connection of landscape to events, Rich gives the reader a chance to notice these women.In Part I of Atlas of a Difficult World, Rich gives testimonies from a myriad of women who have a vast hunch forwardledge of economic hardship which incites fear and which either delays or spurns action forward. There is also a theme of silence and the breach of silence in the atlas, the memory of these moments with the different women in the poems.There is one poem which gives details of an unknown woman who was remove The woman was a call down worker who had been in deep exposure to toxins Malathion in the throat, dialogue, / the hospital at the edge of the fields, / prematures slipping from unsafe wombs (ll. 8-10).This woman has a type of communion with death, and her character is anonymous because there are count slight other women who are or were in the same situation, so many that their story became one story it had been told too often that the names were unimportant and then, eventually her story was forgotten. Rich brings the concept of the mapmaker as a memory harvester into her poems to give the reader an interactive part in the poem.Since this story is being retold to the reader, the reader must carry it in their memory, and thus give credit to the live that died, to the woman. The woman had been oppressed and exposed to environmental dangers, and because the woman had worked to survive but died anyway, it is important that her life be chartered into this atlas of memory, of story.Rich does not hope the idea of disaffirmation of memory to play a major role in the development of the country, of the atlas as she writes, I dont compliments to uplift how he beat her . . ., / tore up her writing . . . / . . . I dont expect to know / wreckage (ll. 39-40, 48-49).The interesting factor in this womans story is that her small death is actually a beginning of a topic cover up story, and thus, her story becomes part of the landscape of history, however minute. The womans death is a national cover up which confused violence and amoral behavior and which were the opposite of the striving of America, in industry. Through the disaffirmation of this story, history is changed, is make false through the help of the media.This theme of denial changes the landscape of the map, it erases important structures of the geography, and this lead into Part V of Atlas of a Difficult World in which a queer woman is murdered and yet, her story does not succumb to erasureI dont want to know how he tracked them along the Appalachian Trail, hid close by their tent, toss as they thought in seclusion killing one woman, the other dragging herself into town his defense they had teased his loathing of what they were I dont want to know but this is not a bad dream of mine (ll. 45-51).In move II and III, the poem becomes an evocation of the American ideal or geography. The poems exercise their voice towards symmetry or balance in history in which womens history is not erased or ruined or made to seem slavish, but instead integrates the real roles of women.In Part IV the poems introduce mourning of the women lost in the margins of the atlas, whose stories were cover up or never known, and the poem cries for still unbegun work of repair (1. 25). In this part, women are alluded to as prisoners, locked away out of sight and hearing, out of mind, shunted aside / those needed to teach, advise, persuade, weigh arguments / those urgently needed for the work of perception (ll. 19-21).It seems that Rich is suggesting that these women were covered up in the landslide of the country, or that they were unc hartered in its conception, unrecognized.In Parts VI-VIII Rich gives the allusion of the map and the lives of the women unraveling which becomes apparent as the men in the stories, or poems went on dreaming large dreams in the landscape of the history of the atlas, darn the women went on with untold stories of contention, they women went on without receiving.Rich goes on to state in these parts that the men continued in the map of the country thinking, and Rich suggests the jeering of this by stating, Slaves you would not be that (pt. VI, l. 14). This is a main point made by Rich in which she is stating that the men did not allow themselves to be considered or made slaves through physical force nor psychological devices but that women and others had to bear that history.There is a culmination of the focus of map making in Parts IX-XI which studies the fragmentation of the atlas through false history, as Rich states through the narrator, one woman / like and unlike so many, fooled as to her destiny, the scope of her task (pt. XI, ll. 16-17).In Part XII Rich gives the reader a chance of seeing restoration in the land through the information of womens roles and values by giving the reader these lines to ponder, What homage will be paid to a beauty built to last / from at bottom out . . . / I didnt speak then / of your beauty at the oscillation beside me . . . / I speak of them now (ll. 1-2, 9-10, 18).Thus, being a mapmaker, or a keeper of true history is the legacy Rich gives to her readers. It is through the role of speaking and not remaining silent, of allowing the atlas to grow, and of exploring the roads which were once unchartered that Richs motif of map making is an allusion to recognition of womens history, as Rich writes, I know you are reading this poem throughout the last part because the poem aspires to be nothing less than the unspoken, archetypal stories women know well.Rich concludes, I know you are reading this poem because there is nothing e lse left to read / there where you have landed, unornamented as you are (ll. 36-37) which in its honesty gives women a place on the atlas of the United States instead of remaining in the margins, in the keystone alleys of the topography.Work CitedRich, A. An Atlas of a Difficult World. W.W. Norton & Company. 1991.