JP Morgan and Bear Stearns Essay

BackgroundIn the last trinity decades, the US situateing system has changed its coronation procedures and its jeopardy management out-of-pocket to changes in regimen regulation. Furthermore, out-of-door shocks, such as the inflationary period during the 70s and the recession in the 80s, led Banking institutions to alternative ways of investment in hostel to endure profitable. The average annual inflation ordain from 1900 to 1970 was approximately 2.5%. From 1970, however, the average rate hit about 6%, topping out at 13.3% by 1979. This period is also feeln for stagflation, a phenomenon in which inflation and unemployment steadily change magnituded. A loose monetary policy led to very pathetic interest rates. Corporations were borrowing large amounts to finance leverage buyouts (LBOs), which led to high and high interest burden. One of the main instruments pulmonary tuberculosisd was financial derivatives, which gave Banks supererogatory profit. Moreover, this instr uments represented off ease sheet activities, thus helping bank capital.Nonetheless, these instruments were risky and could led to enormous losses. In the late 70s and early 80s saw the rise of a bit of financial products such as derivatives, high yield an structured products, which provided compensable returns for investment banks. Also in the late 1970s, the facilitation of corporate mergers was be hailed as the last gold mine by investment bankers who assumed that Glass-Steag all(prenominal) would someday collapse. At this time we could see the first efforts to loosen Glass-Steagall restrictions and some brokerage house warms begin encroaching on banking territory by crack money-market accounts that pass on interest, allow check-writing, and offer credit or debit cards. Moreover, in 1974 at one time (Negotiable Order of Withdrawal) accounts were created by a small bank in Massachusetts, offering negotiable arranges of withdrawal to permit payments on near-checking acco unts at banks. In 1980, they were permitted for all institutions, with rate ceilings eliminated in 1986. turn back Sterns and crisisAs an investment bank, arise Stearns & Co. had three main run nonees. The first one was Capital Markets, which included brokerage services, market-making and proprietary trading in both equities and fixed income. Moreover, this Capital Markets business also included investment banking services such as securities issue and advice on mergers andacquisitions. Its fixed income business represented the highest contribution to its revenue. The second operational business was Global Clearing Services which included the conjunctions well-regarded prime brokerage business. indorse Stearns provided trade execution and securities clearing, custody, lending and financial backing to hedge pecuniary resource and broker-dealers as a prime broker. The third operating business was Wealth Management which included Bears mystical Client Services group, which se rved high-net worth individuals, and Bear Stearns Asset Management, which managed hedge funds and other investment vehicles.Bear Stearns & Co. was an investment bank, a financial go-between that performed a variety of services. As an investment bank it specialized in large and complex financial transactions. Its primary regulator was the Securities and Exchange thrill and did not study access to the Federal Reserve discount window, which allows pensionable institutions to borrow money from the central bank, usually on a short basis, to meet temporary shortages of liquidity caused by internal or external disruptions unlike commercial banks. The main difference between a commercial bank and an investment bank such as Bear Stearns was that piece commercial banking involved both taking deposits and making loans that remained on the lenders balance sheet, investment banking involved the underwriting of debt and virtue securities, buying them from the issuer typically with a syndica te of other firms and then selling them on to investors. many an(prenominal) years ago it was difficult to say whether a bank meshed in commercial activities or investment activities, however, the Congress prohibited investment banking and commercial banking in the same firm in 1993. But in 1999 these laws were modified and some commercial and investment banks consolidated although Bear Stearns as well as other banks such as Goldman Sachs and Lehman Brothers chose not to autograph the commercial banking business so as a result they did not have access to the Federal Reserve discount window. FED chairwoman Christopher Cox said that Bear Stearns was adequately capitalized at all times but facing skeptical lawmakers, Cox acknowledged that the firm had abundant liquidity problems and that capital is not synonymous with liquidity. He said the secondment is working with the five biggest Wall Street firms to make sure they increase their liquidity pools andredouble their focus on risk practices. On show 13, he indicated that liquidity at Bear Stearns fell from $12.4 billion to $2 billion because of the complete evaporation of confidence in the company.Considering Mr. Coxs statements, we ask ourselves if all well-capitalized financial institutions are vulnerable to crisis periods. In order to arrive to a conclusion in this matter we have considered a well-capitalized as a firm with a healthy liquidity status. From our prefigure of view, we consider that some financial institutions, such as big investment banks, are so important to the global economy that should they fall, the repercussions would be in addition fatal and governments would be forced to intervene and rescue them in order to keep the economy from collapsing. This is the reason why the term to big to snap arose. In spite of this, as Nassim Nicholas Taleb said, we could face a black rely case, which refers to an event, positive or negative, that is deemed improbable yet causes massive consequences . Bears activities were financed with a mix of long term debt, equity, and financing collateralized with securities from Bears inventory.Besides this, Bears trading business inevitable the investment bank to constantly hold an inventory of securities these securities were used as collateral for short term borrowing agreements known as repurchase agreements (repos). If we compare Bear with other financial institutions like, for example, Leman Brothers, Merrill or Morgan Stanley we can slowly see that those companies had much more weight in liquidity than Bear Stearns. It was below those three in repo financing and repo lending too. Specifically, Merrill Lynch had lend liquidity of 181.9 while Bearn Stearns had 35.3 and total liquidity as percentage of repo financing was 77% in Merrill and 345 in Bearn Stearns. Bear Stearns nearly collapsed not erstwhile but twice before the cash-strapped brokerage firm was rescued.The leverage suffered by Bear Stearns at that time increased the r isk of becoming bankrupt. This was because, with a big leverage, losses are larger and can consume the firms entire equity to the point where the book value of the company is zero or even negative. In the worst case scenario, Bearn Stearns, being counterpart for many repo agreements and other financial instruments could result in nonremittal on their payments, which is why it cease up being rescued. By conditioned this facts we can tell that the firms value would indeed be negatively affected by a potential bankruptcy.ValuationTo reserve a price to pay for Bear Stearns ongoing businesses we have to use a valuation method. Being unable to perform an adequate due diligence we are not going to be able to know the actual risk of many of the assets, and therefore unable to use the unfeigned value. For this reason, the valuation method we are going to use is the Book cling to per Share, which by definition indicates the remaining value of a company for its shareholders, should it di ssolve, which is sooner similar to the process Bear Stearns is going through. To find the book value, we have to take the total shareholder equity and subtract from it all preferred equity. In order to do so, we have to take a note at the balance sheet, provided in the Exhibit 2, where we can find the unaudited balance sheet for the Q1 2008.There we can see that Total Stockholders Equity in that period was $11,896 million. From that equity we have to subtract the preferred stock, which is $352 million. 11544 Doing so we earn a value of $11,544 million, which divided by the weigh of total shares capital should give us the book value per share of the company. Looking at the balance sheet, we can see that it gives the outstanding shares. We have 500,000,000 shares authorized as of November 30, 2007 and 2006 184,805,847 shares issued as of November 30, 2007 and 2006. We can see it better this wayNov. 30, 2007Nov. 30, 2006Authorized500,000,000500,000,000Issued184,805,847184,805,847T his makes a total of 1,369,611,694 shares. But the company also has Treasury stock, it has repurchased some of the shares it had antecedently issued. It says that the treasury stock is composed of common stock 71,807,227 and 67,396,876 shares as of November 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. This manner that the company has bought, in total, 139,204,103 shares. Subtracting thevalue to the issued and authorized shares, we have the total number of outstanding shares. So, to find the Book Value per share, we divide the $11,544 million of equity by the 1,230,407,591 shares, turning to be $9.38 per share, very close to the price JP Morgan ended up paying. However, I would say this value is too high, due to the cracking amount of uncertainty regarding the exposition of Bear Stearns to the MBS market and the great illiquidity risk it is facing.

Project †Work Life Balance and Stress in Women in Academia Essay

Question 1 1. 1 Conflict The practice of recognizing and dealing with disputes in a rational, balanced and effective r appe be. Conflict is an expressed struggle between at least devil interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, sc atomic number 18 resources, and stop from others in achieving their goals. 1. 2 Decision- making Is the choice of the most suitable way of solving a problem or handling a accompaniment . 1. 3 Communication Is a means by which the teacher and students different needs, feelings and attitudes atomic number 18 conveyed to each other in order to establish cooperation and achieve goals.1. 4 Motivation Is the process by means of which motives atomic number 18 provided by, amongst others, a manager or situation in order to bring about certain actions and therefrom to achieve certain goals. 1. 5 Leadership Leadership incorporates of actions that help the group to wind up its tasks successfully and maintain effective working relationships amo ng its members. Leadership is a punctuate of skills that or so(prenominal)one merchantman acquire Question 2 2. 1. 1 AUTOCRATIC schoolroom MANAGEMENT STYLE When dealing with pupil behaviour the teacher bequeath intervene and try to control the behaviour of the pupils.The teacher is in the first place interested in the pupils completion of tasks and learning performance . Pupils enfolding in the classroom situation is limited to makeenening, working and doing. The followers are some advantages of this nuzzle ? Some pupils whitethorn feel secure in this kind of situation. ? Beca c totally the teacher lays down fixed rules and procedures, pupils know what is expected of them and what they can expect in the classroom. The following are some disadvantages of this approach ? The classroom atmosphere is characterised by competition, un go awayingness to work together and poor discipline when pupils are go forth unsupervised.? Creative thinking is suppressed. ? There is no coo peration. ? Pupils whitethorn develop a negative attitude towards the subject. 1 disciple no 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no 2 719493 2. 1. 2 DEMOCRATIC CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STYLE A democratic bearing of classroom commission correlates with an interactive dogma style. This teaching style requires that teachers should put up a sound knowledge of their subject and of valet nature so that they can encourage their pupils to participate actively and meaningfully in teaching and learning activities.The control of pupil behaviour in the classroom is jointly controlled by the pupils and the teacher. As a management style it requires the teacher to maintain a balance between the task construction and the human aspect of the classroom situation. Teaching and learning tasks are completed with the pupils willing cooperation and co responsibility which are the hallmarks of democratic classroom management. The following are some advantages ? ? ? Pupils participate confidently in classroom act ivities. It encourages opening night and creativity.The classroom atmosphere is relaxed, yet productive. ? Pupils feel that they are involved in teaching activities. 2. 2 Five styles of contradict management ? Avoidance avoiding conflict is a short-term solution beca engross the conflict will non go away. Sometimes, however, avoidance could be a temporary measure to calm emotions. ? plentiful in or accommodating teachers who badly want the pupils to accept them apply this style. With this style the real differences are underemphasized. Sometimes teachers have to give in to avoid hostility in the classroom and to ensure that the work can get done.? Domination teachers who want to impose their will on pupils use this style. In the long run this style is seldom effective, although teachers sometimes have to dominate. ? Compromise or settle this style is marked by a search for compromises and settlement. The teacher will try to meet e veryone halfway and to let the majority take u p prevail. Because a settlement might not accomplish everybody, the dissatisfaction could again cause conflict at a later stage. ? commix or collaborate this style is also known as the problem-solving approach.The parties stand by in order to find a satisfactory solution. 2. 3 A proper balance between the task-oriented and the human relations aspects, required in every teaching-learning situation , enables teachers to create a teaching-learning situation with a authoritative atmosphere. Maintaining a balance between the structural (formal) and human relations (informal) aspects requires a holistic approach to classroom management. The combination and integration of these two dimensions defend the actual structure of the classroom situation, which includes all areas of the teachers management task.These studies revealed a clear correlation between classroom atmosphere and pupil performance of grade 9 and grade 10 pupils in 12 secondary schools in Ontario as follows ? Classroom a tmosphere has a hearty influence on pupil performance. ? Although the personal and social characteristics of pupils are authorised factors in their school performance, classroom atmosphere is sometimes more important. ? The psychosocial and donnish aspects of teaching are interrelated. 2 Student no 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no 2719493 ? Variables that relate directly to teaching-learning activities in the classroom have a special, unique influence on pupil performance. The following are the guidelines for teachers to sour supreme attitudes in their pupils ? Put the pupils in the centre. ? Respect pupils opinions and treat all pupils respectfully. ? Give pupils a group feeling. ? Help pupils to feel secure in school. ? Make sure that pupils substantiate their assignments. ? Realise that pupils are children, not adults.? discern with individual behaviour problems in private interviews with the pupil rather than in front of the whole class. ? Involve pupils in decision making wher e appropriate. ? Do not label pupils. 3 Student no 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no 2 719493 2. 4 CLASSROOM insurance form _or_ system of government 1. In all instances, niceness and respect for classmates and the instructor are expected. 2. Book bags, briefcases, etc. are not allowed on your desk during class. They must(prenominal) remain on the floor near your chair. 3. You whitethorn not use cell screams in class. a. completely ringers must be turned off. b.You may not text message, place or dissolving agent calls. c. All earphones, headphones, headsets or any other accessory for your cell phone may not be used in class that means, out of sight and not on your head or in your ear. 4. You may not use any device (for example, IPod, MP3 player) to listen to or view music or other computer programming in class. 5. You will be asked to leave class if you disregard classroom policy. ATTENDANCE / WITHDRAWAL POLICY 1. Since the course is conducted in a seminar format, your attention is mandatory. 2. You will sign the attending Signature planer at the beginning of each class.3. Your class employment points may be reduced from if you are late in class. 4. You may be withdrawn from romaine 133 if you are absent from 20% of the class. ripe WORK 1. No late work will be accepted. shit QUIZ POLICY 1. There are no quiz relieve oneself-ups. No exemptions. GRADING POLICY 1. Your grade for COS 133 will be found on the points you accumulate for assignments, quizzes, and class participation. 2. Your grade for COS 133 is calculated as follows take 1. Assignments 2. Quizzes 3. Classroom Participation Weight 30% 55% 15% 4 Student no 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no 2 719493.Topic Weight A 94 -100 1. Assignments 30% A- 90 93 2. Quizzes 55% B+ 87 89 3. Classroom Participation 15% B 84 86 B- 80 83 C+ 77 79 C 74 76 C- 70 73 D+ 67 69 D 64 66 D- 60 63 F 60 1. Assignments = 30 Points COS assignments consist of a variety of activities intentional to promote a successf ul college experience at MCC. Your assignments will consist of take oning textbook chapters and answering related exercise questions. In addition, you may be using your MCC student email to submit Web assignments. Assignments are imputable at the beginning of the class.However, you may submit your assignments before the due date. scattering of points are as follows 10 textbook assignments (3 points each) = 30 points 2. Quizzes = 55 Points Quizzes are based on your chapter reading assignments. o You may use your textbook to answer the questions. However, be well prepared for a very challenging quiz. o If you are late for class and miss the quiz, you will receive a zero for the quiz. Distribution of points is as follows o 11 textbook quizzes (5 points each) = 55 points 3. Classroom Participation = 15 Points Classroom participation points are earned by behaviors that demonstrate o prompt attendance for class 3 o active listening o positive involvement in small group work o atten tive contributions during whole class raillerys o civility and respect for classmates and the instructor Distribution of points is as follows o 1 point per week = 15 points o You cannot earn classroom participation points if you are absent. MCC REGULATIONS AND POLICIES Academic Honesty polity In the academic process, it is assumed that intellectual honesty and integrity are basic responsibilities of any student.However, faculty members should accept their correlative 5 Student no 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no 2 719493 responsibility to regulate academic work and to conduct examination procedures in such a mien as not to invite violations of academic honesty. Such violations consist mainly of cheating and plagiarism. For more details regarding MCCs Academic Honesty policy regarding definitions, disciplinary action, and procedure for appeal check the MCC Catalog and Student vade mecum or MCC Website. Policy Statement on Sexual Harassment 1.Monroe society College strives to recogniz e human dignity and therefore does not tolerate cozy harassment or any other type of harassment in spite of appearance or connected to this institution. 2. Sexual harassment is illegal and unfairly interferes with the probability for all persons, regardless of gender, to have a comfortable and productive educational activity and work environment. 3. We are committed to taking all reasonable steps to prevent sexual harassment and to discipline those who do harass. Code of beam The following actions or conducts are prohibited.1. The obstruction or disruption of any College function or activity, including the classroom instructional environment, administration of the parking program and service functions and activities. 2. The detention, physical abuse or intimidation of any person, or threat thereof, or any 4 conduct which threatens or endangers the health, safety, or welfare of any person on College-owned or operated property or at College-sponsored activities. 3. The use of ob scene or abusive language or any other means ofexpression, language, or action which may jolly be expected to provoke or encourage physical wildness by other persons. 4. The refusal to obey any reasonable or licit request, order, or directive of a College public safety officer, a teacher, College administrator, or any other identified representative of the College. MCC LEARNING CENTERS 1. Monroe Community College has a number of Learning Centers at Brighton (for example, Accounting, Math, Psychology, Writing, the Electronic Learning Center, etc. ) and at Damon (for example, the Integrated Learning Center, Electronic Learning Center, etc.). 2. Learning centers are staffed with instructional personnel and may be equipped with computers and software to hang students. 3. It is recommended that students use the Learning Centers to get additional help with concepts learned in the classroom and with their homework. SERVICES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES 1. Students with a documented le arning difficulty should make an appointment with the Coordinator of Services for Students with Disabilities on the Brighton or Damon Campus to arrange for support services. 2.All deaf or hard of hearing students should contact the Counseling and Advising Center. 3. You must provide the instructor with appropriate documentation regarding accommodations within the first two weeks of class. EMERGENCY CLOSINGS 1. If the College is closed due to inclement weather or some other emergency, all Rochester area radio and television stations will be notified no later than 530 a. m. 2. In addition, the homepage on the MCC website (www. monroecc. edu) will display a message indicating the College is closed. 3. Please do not call the College to avoid overloading the telephone lines.5 6 Student no 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no 2 719493 CLASS CANCELLATION To access a list of daily class cancellations, you may 1. Call the Public Safety surgical incision (292-2066) at MCC, press 1 for a list of cancell ed classes at Brighton and press 2 for a list of cancelled classes at Damon 2. Go to the Internet, access MCC, go to the A-Z listing to C for Class Cancellations and see the list of cancellations 3. Check your student email for a cancellation notice from your instructor 6 COURSE SYLLABUS AGREEMENT Detach and return this signed sheet to Professor Rodriguez.______________________________________ M00______________________ Students Printed Name Student MCC College ID Number COS 133 Section Number _________ Semester / Year _____________ The Course course 1. The Course Syllabus (course information sheet) is a written legal covenant between you and your professor. 2. It clarifies the professors expectations and your responsibilities. Your professor expects you to meet deadlines for assignments, papers, projects and tests. 3. It is your responsibility to review the course program and clarify any aspect of the syllabus.Therefore, read it carefully and ask questions you may have about its content. Check the appropriate box. I have read the course information sheet for COS 133 Introduction to College Studies. I understand my responsibilities for this course. I do not have any questions. I do not understand the requirements stated in the COS 133 Course knowledge Sheet. I will schedule an appointment to discuss my questions with my professor. List your questions for discussion here ______________________________________ _____________________ Signature Date.

Managing Outbreaks of an Infection Essay

NICE and discussion section of wellness GuidelinesNICEandsurgical incision of Health guidelines zeal the standards for richly quality healthcargon. It encourages a healthy lifestyle for volume. The NICE and Department of Health guidelines atomic number 18 to a fault used by the NHS, Local Authorities, employers, voluntary groups and all(prenominal) one and only(a) else relate in de digestring up reserve and promoting wellbeing. The recommendations that atomic number 18 given provide guidance on transmittance halt and taking precautions. These should be applied by individually healthc atomic number 18 one-on-onenel, and new(prenominal) carers, to the care of unhurrieds in every healthcare settings. For example, turn over must be washed immediately before each and each episode of direct long-suffering contact or care, and after any activeness or contact that could potentially result in fall out becoming contaminated. A nonher example is, when handling and dispo sing sharp objects.Sharps must non be passed directly from hand to hand and handling should be kept to a minimum. alike acquireles must not be recapped, bent, broken or opened before use or disposal. This is to en accepted that transmission systems do not allot and no one gets hurt with the affectles. When it draws to precautions thusly these guidelines say that precautions should be siren with care. Health care lords should en sealed that these precautions benefit the patients who cod up TB and in like manner disallow anyone else from getting these ill. For example, closing off nurse. The guideline says that this should be make with(p) to prevent anyone else from surprise the transmission system and to stop the transmittance from overspreading.What is terabit (TB)? Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that is spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an septic soulfulness.It is a serious condition but can be cured with p roper intervention. TB mainly affects the lungs but it can also affect any part of the body, including the bones and nervous body. In many cases the bacteria infect the body but do not become in any symptoms which are cognize as latent TB. It is called active TB if the bacteria causes symptoms.A TB infection of the lungs is known as pulmonic TB but TB can occur outside the lungs, which is known as Extrapulmonary TB. What are my Concerns? My fixs are that the TB infection can spread from four patients to more than. TB is caused by a type of bacterium called mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is spread when a person with the TB infection in their lungs coughs or sneezes. Someone else needs to inhale and take in the droplets containing the TB bacteria.To realize it from roundone else you would unremarkably have to spend a yen period of epoch in close contact with the infect person for you to plosive consonant the infection. For example, TB is more resemblingly to spread b etween family members who live in the same house. This is because family members are living and are around the infection person mostly. This means they are at more adventure of sensing the infection. It would be precise unlikely for someone to amaze infected by sitting next to an infected person on a bus. It is my concern that some of my opposite patients volition be fit to catch the infection from the four patients who already have TB. This is a concern because we do not want all the patients within our screen being infected with TB. TB is a serious infection. Why I need to prevent an clap?I need to prevent this outbreak because TB is an infection which could handicap the person who has it. If untreated the patients can become worse. in addition we need to prevent it from spreading. This is done to understand that anformer(a)(prenominal) people do not catch the infection. Also when one person has the infection wherefore it will financial support spreading and everyon e in the infirmary will be sick. This will be done by isolation. This is when we attach the patient remote from the other patients. This en authoritatives that this infection is not sufficient to spread to anyone else. This means the infection will lapse spreading. The bacteria enters our body and once it has entered our body it starts to multiply and because it is a bacterial infection it does not need to attach to another(prenominal) cell to multiply. It is able to multiply on its own. After multiplying it starts to cause mycobacterium infection. Our immune system cannot stop the TB bacteria from growing and spreading after the infection has started to spread into our body.Medication and treatment is then needed for the body to then recover. Preventing an outbreak is beta because it can spread and startto infect other people. If a person is around someone that has been infected then they need to make accredited that you stay away from them. This is because the individual i s able to catch the infection from affected items and affected people. The NICE guidelinesIt has long been recognised that people who are s enthroneum microscopy positive from spontaneously expectorated sputum are those cases with the highest infectivity, and plant a risk to household and other close contacts much(prenominal) as get goingplace contacts. For these drives, traditionally, patients with pulmonary disease in whom tuberculosis is suspected are separate in a single inhabit. Isolation nursing is one way in which an outbreak of infection can be prevented. The Department of Health guidelinesThis section discusses the test and associated recommendations for the use of in-person antifertility equipment by healthcare workers in general care settings, including aprons, gowns, gloves, eye auspices and pose masks.Where divert, in addition to the grade of the evidence underpinning the recommendations, at that place is an indication of a Health and Safety requirement. T he decision to use or offend in the flesh(predicate) protective equipment must be based upon an mind of the level of risk associated with a specific patient care activity or treatment and take account of current health and asylum legislation. Using ad hominem and professional equipment is another way in which an outbreak can be prevented. The doctors, nurses and other professionals working in a hospital should make trustworthy that they do every function that prevents the infection from spreading to the workers, all the patients and visitors. Preventing an outbreak is grave because we do not want other people getting ill. TB is a serious bacterial infection. Preventing other people from getting it is primal.What are the risks and wrong of an outbreak on staff, patients, visitors and their families? The risks of this are that staff, patients, visitors and their families are able to catch the TB illness. This is a risk because we will have more patients in the hospital with TB. Once a person is infected with TB bacteria, the chance of ontogenesis TB disease is higher if the person has HIV infection, has been recently infected with TB bacteria (in the last 2 years), has other health problems, like diabetes, that make it hard for the body to fight bacteria, laugh ats alcohol or uses guilty drugs or was not treated correctly for TB infection in the past. The damage ofthis is that it then damages the individuals body. This is because they go into getting further illnesses in the future. The department of Health Guidelines The incidence of TB is influenced by risk factors such as exposure to, and susceptibility to, TB and levels of lack (poverty, caparison, nutrition and access to healthcare), and differs in antithetic parts of England and Wales. Where scientific evidence supports it, this guideline makes recommendations on service organisation, as well as for individual teams of healthcare professionals.The guideline aims to focus NHS re beginnings where they will combat the spread of TB, and some sections deal with high- and low-incidence areas individually. The NICE guidelines Anyone exposed to TB bacteria can become infected but people at particular risk are those that are less able to fight infection. Those at risk acknowledge Household and frequent contacts of infected cases, those who have lived in, travel to or make visitors from places where TB is still very common, those who live in ethnic minority communities originating from places where TB is very common, those with immune systems weakened by HIV infection, the very young and the elderly, as their immune systems are less robust, those with chronic shortsighted health and nutrition because of lifestyle problems such as homelessness, drug abuse or alcoholism, those living in poor or crowded ho apply conditions, including those living in hostels. Other conditions that suppress immunity such as renal failure and chemotherapy and diabetes increase the likelihood o f reactivation of TB.What precautions do we need to take? Personal and victor Equipment is a regulation which protects the person at work from any risk/ terms to their health and safety. We need to make sure that we use the right equipment. This will ensure that we are safe. It will also ensure that everything is done well while at work. Wearing/using in-person and professional equipment prevents contact with a infective promoter of a bodily fluid that whitethorn contact an morbific agent by creating a parapet between the potential infection and then the worker. For example, if we wear a duck mask then it blocks our nose and mouth. These are devil portals in which infections can come into a person. That I why bar these two portals of entry is all definitive(p) so the infection is not able to get into people. If a nurse or doctor does go into the room to then they need to make sure they use personal and professionalequipment. This will ensure that they are protected from the infection.The NICE guidelines health care workers warmth for people with TB should not use masks, gowns or barrier nursing techniques unless MDR TB (multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis) is suspected or aerosol-generating procedures are being performed. When such equipment is used, the reason should be explained to the person with TB. The equipment should meet the standards of the Health and Safety Executive which is mentioned in section 9.3.The Department of Health Guidelines This section discusses the evidence and associated recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment by healthcare workers in general care settings, including aprons, gowns, gloves, eye protection and face masks. Where appropriate, in addition to the grade of the evidence underpinning the recommendations, thither is an indication of a Health and Safety requirement. The decision to use or wear personal protective equipment must be based upon an assessment of the level of risk associated with a specific patient care activity or intervention and take account of current health and safety legislation. Isolation is one more thing which health and social care professionals need to take care of. By disjointed patients who have TB is another precaution which needs to be taken. TB is able to spread to other people who do not have TB.Thats why it is important to make sure that we keep the patients who have TB away and isolate them. This needs to be done to ensure that the patient is isolated to prevent illness from spreading. We need to isolate the micro-organism and make sure that the person stays isolated until the TB infection is not treated. The NICE guidelinesThis isolation has been recommended until troika separate sputum tests have been analysed on the patient. If these tests are electronegative, the patient is usually considered to cause a significantly lower infection risk. They may then be moved from the single room to a overlap hold, provided there are no HIV-positive or ot her patients with major issues on the same ward. If patients are tested positive for tuberculosis, and need to be admitted to hospital, isolation is required until treatment makes the person non- morbific.The Department of Health GuidelinesIt is recommended that patients with suspected or confirmed pulmonary TB who are admitted to hospital should remain isolated in a negative pressure room with airborne precautions applied, until streak criteria are met. In dominion these criteria include a reduction in orabsence of cough, bring downd slur burden or smear negativity, assured treatment and an appropriate discharge plan.Also some other precautions that need to be taking are making sure that everything is tasteful and looked after. Cleanliness is very important because it prevents infections from spreading. Another precaution which needs to be taken it to make sure that all of the things which the patient with TB has used are disposed and plumbed properly. Also the patients cloth es and linen should be washed separately from the other patients linen and clothing. This will ensure that infections do not spread. taking all of these precautions is important because it ensures that patients, staff and visitors are safe and do not get any infections. The NICE guidelines Linen, Waste and Cleaning for bed linen, books, dishware or washing up facilities should be washed separately. Disposal of infected unanimous should be as clinical waste per hospital policy. board should be cleaned as normal/regularly and a normal wax clean after discharge. Extra cleaning is unnecessary.The department of Health Guidelines in that location are three levels of TB infection wangle administrative (managerial) interpret measures/ work place policy, environmental control measures, and personal protective equipment (respiratory protection). administrative control measures are the most important since environmental control measures and personal protective equipment (respiratory protection) will not work in the absence of straightforward administrative control measures. Each level operates at a several(predicate) point in the transmission process administrative control measures stiffen HCW and patient exposure environmental control measures reduce the concentration of infectious droplet nuclei, personal protective devices (respiratory protection) protect HCWs in areas where the concentration of droplet nuclei cannot be adequately minify by Administrative and environmental control measures.How would we educate staff, visitors and patients? precept is vital for people. If we educate staff, visitors and patients astir(predicate) TB then they would be more sure of what TB is, how it affects the body and how to prevent yourself from getting TB. We could do this through putting up posters around the ward and hospital. We could also make leaflets and hand them out to patients and visitors around the hospital. Also doctors andnurses could speak to family memb ers and friends and tell them about TB. Doing all of this will make people more aware of TB and the risks of it.The Department of Health Guidelines It is recommended that service providers aim to improve consciousness of TB among the public, the professions and local anaesthetic authority agencies. Experience suggests that targeted campaigns tailored to the local population work unwrap than national campaigns.Examples include keeping local GPs informed about local TB service and reminding them of the importance of screening new entrants on arrival and on an ongoing basis. Keeping GPs aware of prompt referral systems. Resourcing TB services adequately so that they are not only involved in dogma clinical colleagues, but also in raising awareness of TB, particularly among high-risk groups and informing clinicians of peer group networks and encouraging them to set about advice on treatment where appropriate. The NICE guidelinesDuring the development of the guideline, patient and carer representatives on the GDG highlighted these suggestions a single national source of high-quality TB schooling in relevant speech communications, and formats for vision- or hearing-impaired people. TB services to assess local language and other communication needs, and accordingly make information from the national source available locally.Clear discussion between healthcare professionals, people with (or at risk from) TB and their carers about tests, treatment, contact tracing and infection control measures, to enable brain. People with both HIV and TB to be provided with information about the different specialties who may provide care during and after their treatment for TB. Contact tracing explained and handled sensitively to avoid misunderstanding and stigma. Information set out so as not to medicalise the patient. TB services providing each patient completing anti-tuberculosis treatment with clear inform and advise information. D1 prize HOW THE SUGGESTED MEASURES TO M ANAGE AN OUTBREAK OF INFECTION MEET LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES OF THE PREVENTION AND correspond OF INFECTION IN A HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE ground One of the measures that we will use to prevent the outbreak of TB is by using personal and professional equipment. By usingpersonalandprofessionalequipmentit ensures that we are safe. It makes sure that we are trying our best to prevent ourselves from getting any infections. Doing this is important because we need to make sure that the bacterial infection does not get into us.Personal and Professional Equipmentprotects a person in hospital from any risk/harm to their health and safety.We need to make sure that we use the right equipment to ensure that we are safe. Wearing/using personal and professional equipment prevents contact with an infectious agent of a bodily fluid that may contact an infectious agent by creating a barrier between the potential infection and then the worker. The NICE guidelines say about Personal and Profess ional Equipment Healthcare workers caring for people with TB should not use masks, gowns or barrier nursing techniques unless MDR TB (multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis) is suspected or aerosol-generating procedures are being performed. When such equipment is used, the reason should be explained to the person with TB.The Department of Health Guidelines say about Personal and Professional Equipment This section discusses the evidence and associated recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment by healthcare workers in general care settings, including aprons, gowns, gloves, eye protection and face masks. The decision to use or wear personal protective equipment must be based upon an assessment of the level of risk associated with a specific patient care activity or intervention and take account of current health and safety legislation. The strengths of this measure are that by using personal and professional equipment it protects the person at work or visitors from any ri sk/harm to their health and safety. We need to make sure we use the right equipment.PPE prevents contact with a infectious agent or a bodily fluid that may contact an infectious agent by creating a barrier between the potential infection and the worker. This is important because it prevent the infection from getting into other people. We need to make sure that we prevent the infection from getting to anyone else. It ensures people are safe. Also teaching this to people who do not know e.g. visitors and family members of the patient is also important. This gives them an understanding of how serious the illness is and what should be done to prevent it. It makes them more aware and next time if someone else they know catches TB then they will know what personal and professional equipment to use and the important of them.A weakness of this is that sometimes people index forget to use them. They expertness go into the patients isolated room and not realise that they have forgot to put on equipment. This is a weakness because if people forget to put on protective equipment then they are more likely of catching the TB infection. Also when visitors come intothe hospital then they might not know that they have to use personal and protective equipment, especially children. The nurses or doctors need to make sure that they are there at the ward and are telling visitors about the importance of personal protective equipment. This is another weakness. This is because nurses and doctors might be busy with many other patients within the hospital. They might not always be there to tell the visitors. Meanwhile the visitors might go into the isolation room without realising. Isolation is one more thing which health and social care professionals need to take care of. By isolated patients who have TB is another precaution which needs to be taken. TB is able to spread to other people who do not have TB.Thats why it is important to make sure that we keep the patients who have TB away and isolate them. This needs to be done to ensure that the patient is isolated to prevent illness from spreading. We need to isolate the micro-organism and make sure that the person stays isolated until the TB infection is not treated. The NICE guidelines say about IsolationThis isolation has been recommended until three separate sputum tests have been analysed on the patient. If these tests are negative, the patient is usually considered to cause a significantly lower infection risk. They may then be moved from the single room to a shared ward, provided there are no patients with major issues on the same ward. If patients are tested positive for tuberculosis, and need to be admitted to hospital, isolation is required until treatment makes the person non-infectious.The Department of Health Guidelines sayIt is recommended that patients with suspected or confirmed TB who are admitted to hospital should remain isolated in a negative pressure room with airborne precautions applied, until discharge criteria are met. In principle these criteria include a reduction in or absence of cough, reduced smear burden or smear negativity, assured treatment and an appropriate discharge plan.Strengths of isolation are that it protects the patient from getting any other infection from other people. Isolation nursing also protects staff, visitors and families/friends that have come into the hospital. This is very important because the patients are protected from getting any other illnesses which will make their TB. Also another benefit of isolation is that it gives time for the patient to recover. The patient is alone and isolated which lets them endure and recovery time. This is important for the patient. On the other hand if they were on a sharedward with other patients then they might not get time to rest and also with visitors as well. Weaknesses of isolation are that the patients might feel socially and emotionally isolated. This is not good for them.They might not lik e the fact that they are isolated and could feel restricted. This could then lead to them refusing to go into isolation. It is important that they go into isolation because if they dont then it leads to their infection getting worse as their body is vulnerable and could catch other illnesses. Also they could infect other people with their illnesses which then make them ill. It might make the people isolated moody and depressed. This is not good for them. The aim of isolation nursing is to isolate the micro-organism and not the patient even though the patient is still being isolated.Also some other precautions that need to be taking are making sure that everything is clean and looked after. Cleanliness is very important because it prevents infections from spreading. Another precaution which needs to be taken it to make sure that all of the things which the patient with TB has used are disposed and cleaned properly. Also the patients clothes and linen should be washed separately from the other patients linen and clothing. This will ensure that infections do not spread. Taking all of these precautions is important because it ensures that patients, staff and visitors are safe and do not get any infections. The NICE guidelines say Linen, Waste and Cleaning for bed linen, books, crockery or washing up facilities should be washed separately. Disposal of infected material should be as clinical waste per hospital policy. Rooms should be cleaned as normal/regularly and a normal full clean after discharge. Extra cleaning is unnecessary.The department of Health Guidelines say on that point are three levels of TB infection control Administrative (managerial) control measures/ work place policy, environmental control measures, and personal protective equipment (respiratory protection). Administrative control measures are the most important since environmental control measures and personal protective equipment (respiratory protection) will not work in the absence of solid a dministrative control measures. Each level operates at a different point in the transmission process administrative control measures reduce HCW and patient exposure environmental control measures reduce the concentration of infectious droplet nuclei, personal protective devices (respiratoryprotection) protect HCWs in areas where the concentration of droplet nuclei cannot be adequately reduced by Administrative and environmental control measures.

Leadership Management with Organizational Diversity Essay

In todays orbicular market and unified economy, the importance of taste the power of cultural diversification deep down the establishplace is very strategic. The world power to interchange and collaborate on set considerationinuss and objectives facilitates the passage of attaining such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) finishs at high cognitive functioning train. With the influx of several cultivations into the corporate world, it is master(prenominal) for managers to analyze, learn, adapt, and symbolise how a diverse bunk system moldiness function.In carry modern measure, the system of rulesal behavior behind getting a line d nonp beil was gener wholey think on the individualistic critical thought process operative method, but with increasing competency in the market, the need to drive the radical process of completing a t necessitate has be espo mapping evident. Transitioning from the banner individual operateplace and into a diverse integrity is rocky in particular on societies with a hardship in adaptability and those with a hefty tralatitious printing. The acceptance of renewing is something that must me learned and understood taking into contemplation ones surroundings and behavior regularises.As a child, a persons apprehending on what culture similarities and differences ar solely depends on his/hers family, friends, peers, literature, media, and etc. Learning to embrace diversity is hard but not hopeless in every society on that point be al styles difficulties in accepting some other groups of large number that dont comply with the factual groups way of life, and this is when the ability to accept and embrace reanimate a role. Having the manageledge on how to perceive situations and surroundings is ones defensive mechanism that allows a person to k direct what to do in a plastered situation. When faced with the unexpected, this knowledge based in peeation becomes what is known as bias. jibe t o a research article, Our biases serve as filtering lenses that allow us to confine sense of new in bodation and experiences based on what we already know (Nadler, 1997). This bias hind end sometimes be of controlling nature free an individual the ability to adapt and tell right from wrong, but sometimes bias can overly resile a contradict perception of people based on sole belief crating ignorance, prejudice, and/or stereotype. maturation of accepting diversity in a hammerplace is sometimes difficult and takes time to adapt since everyone comes from different backgrounds. This is something that cannot be bring outd or pressured on people in short notices or time constraints, such as annex classes or short group sessions. Management in a work milieu must use techniques of group encouragement and concerted reading to allow everyone to understand and exemplify each others strengths and abilities. fonts of such techniques can be * Developing an atmosphere that is safe fo r all employees to ask for help. People should not be viewed as weak if they ask for help. This is what helps to var. great teams joining weakness with strengths to get the goal accomplished. * Actively quest information from people from a variety of backgrounds and cultures. Also, including everyone on the problem settlement and decision making process. * Including people who different than you in informal gatherings such as lunch, coffee breaks, and spur of the moment meetings. * Creating a team olfactory sensation where every member feels a part of (Nadler, 1997).Human Resource discipline (HRD) is the process in which the department of human resource is recognizing certain qualities and attributes individuals occupy when handling new entrants in hiring or promoting. Having the ability to recognize what abilities individuals view as, advance allocates certain individuals with others to form a high executing team. By running(a) jointly to train and collaborate with sup ervisors and management pull up stakes assist in check teaching individuals the correct way of completing a travail or job process.The schooling of what is known as soft skills such as diversity, chats, and social net running(a) skills will promote a better work system and decrease employee turnover. The key is to promote job likeness and absolute attitude with employees for a positive formational result. Along with a focused human resource development initiative, faces must understand the importance of the inwrought and external factors that make up the entire achiever. Internally, giving medications must take into stipulation the behavioral influence its people incorporate into every day trading operations in regards to its long term gains.What influences the behavior of these individuals is the type of culture the agreement has. Culture is delimit as, the aggregate of beliefs, norms, attitude, values, assumptions, and ways of doing things that is officed by membe rs of an organization and taught to new members (2010, p. 370). This definition of culture best describes how an organization is built and how it functions on everyday operations led by individuals with a strategy of positive leading. agree to authors Lussier and Achua, all organizations have a culture, whether they acknowledge it or not. both organization has a culture, distinguished by its own beliefs and approaches to problem solving and decision making. An organizations culture is manifested in the values, norms, and expectations that attracters vaticinate and practice, in its employees attitudes and behavior, in ethical standards and policies (2010, p. 370). The importance of leaders to understand the type of culture that his/her organization has is important to continue a process of strong work ethics, team effort, and skill development.In leadership studies, there is a power of culture that defines how well an organization can get to and internal unity of its people, and a lso how well it adapts to its external surroundings in areas of sustainability and consumer/ matched preferences. The cultural power of internal unity mostly describes how management supports the organizations vision, mission, goals, and strategy. Having a strong internal normative do can change the workforce into a creative one where individuals come together to share and develop new innovative ideas that will attain the entire organization.It is important that management encourages its employees in a positive way by using motivational and identification tools, to increase individual entrust and interest in his/her job to increase performance while also taking into consideration each and every single employee. composition it is important to motivate employees to like their job, having rules and certain guidelines also promotes social control by setting certain requirement to maintain a safe and insure working surround.The external adaptation of cultural power describes the adjoin of outside(a) influences such as consumer preferences towards the organizations product,or environmental awareness that must be taken into thought to reduce its negative encounter on sustainability. Example of an organization who takes into consideration an external analysis is Southwest Airlines who social ranks the highest in engagement within its market, taking into banknote the importance of customer preferences in property affordable price directs, consumer loyalty through programs of frequent flyer, and employee needfully in both financial and health needs. Table 1.1 displays the total rating core Southwest Airlines received against its competitors American and United Airlines.Along with a strong power of culture within an organization or group, the ability to acquire certain characteristics of performance to increase production or service is important. at that place are two types of performance ratings in organisational culture one is a high performance mark that identifies an optimum group of individuals working together towards a similar goal or objective and one with a low performance mark indicating a lack of treaty with individuals with a strong concern for self-interest different from the general census. Low-performing organizations have four major characteristics of poor quality these include insular thinking, opposition to change, politicized internal environment, and unhealthy promotions.Examples of organizations with an insular method of thinking are those with upper berth take management who believe and dictate what decisions to make based on their own knowledge and concern. This type of business strategy is ineffective since cooperative group decision making is not used, causing a exacerbate in operational performance. Managers who always think their right, demotes interest and desire for individuals to work. This thinking method is evident in businesses where upper level management does not receive or disregards infor mation channeled through operational levels of production.The organizations that are unsusceptible to any changes in strategies or techniques are generally those that have incessantly followed set guidelines and norms for long periods of time. This type of continuous and repetitive process categorizes this performance culture as low. Having the same type of methods of completing a work process makes the job more concerned with keeping ones position varietya than expanding and call inking innovations. Businesses that follow this type of performance rank low since adaptability with external changes becomes difficult causing a negative impact to organizational success.Similarly, a extremely internal politicized organization suffers from the lack of culture and team sacramental manduction when it comes to decision and critical thinking. Powerful leaders or executives slope to make the decisions and instruct followers on what to do following(a) followers simply agree to avoid re primand or disapproval. Last, the use of negligent promotions from management places unskilled personnel in top level positions where strategic thinking is required. Having someone in the decision making routine without having the sufficient amount of knowledge or training, jeopardizes the entire operation and success of the boilersuit organizational purpose.The opposite of a low-performing culture in an organization is one who is highly recognized for team development and value sharing within all levels of operations and management. An organization with a highly cherished purpose and mission is usually accepted by its followers who share its similar views and thoughts. High performance organizations campaign to also encourage communication between management and employees to sustain a strong culture to mark everyone is on the same path following the same values. A curb description of a standard high performing cultural organization is described as, a culture of discipline-wher e everyone is liable to the values of the company, to its standards, and to the purposes it serves (2010, p. 375).The characteristics that identify a strong performing culture is one with reinforcement tools, intensely orient people, orientated results, and a major emphasis on achievement and excellence. Examples of such reinforcement tools include the use of slogans and ceremonies, in which the organization shares its values with its employees. Having such a tool makes much feasible the entry of new employees by directly displaying the core values and meaning.By macrocosm people oriented the organization exemplifies the importance of being a democratic business rather than an autocratic one where a single management official makes all the decisions. Individuals, who work in organizations where they are treated with respect and acknowledged for their contribution, tend to become more committed and hold their positions for longer periods of time. Setting goal suckers and rewardi ng individuals based on total outcome versus the set marker improves individual desire to continue working at their best come-at-able performance or better.It is determined that what influences an organizations culture is the impact that the external environment has on the boilersuit behavior of employees or followers. in that respect are four distinct types of cultures that have been developed taking into account the organizational strategic focus along with the external turbulence. A competitive culture is one that spiels a leader that encourages and values a highly competitive work network (2010, p. 385), in this mannikin of organizational environment the need to always be on top of the market is intense. existence competitive is a must to avoid falling back in face of competitors that whitethorn produce similar products and drive ones profitability down.Leaders in upper level management tend to create certain goal marks to promote his or her employees to work harder in retu rn for profit gains and revenue increases this type of working environment allows everyone to challenge themselves against the skills of others. Companies that exemplify competitiveness in the market include Pepsi Co. and Coca-Cola, Wing-House and hooters, Dominoes and Papa Johns, etc. These companies are eonianly observe each other in order to sustain greater performance than the other.Cooperative culture is when an organization represents a leadership belief in strong, mutually reinforcing exchanges and linkages between employees and departments (2010, p. 384). This type of organization tends to allows for employees to take on the task of decision making and develop ideas that can be advantageous to the overall performance. Management encourages relationship building between co-workers in order to increase skill and knowledge sharing in hopes of creating innovations. In todays market with the constant change of diverse work groups, this type of cultural development is highly regarded and implemented. The adaptive culture is one that represents a belief in active monitoring of the external environment for emerging opportunities and threats (2010, p. 384).Organizations that rock on becoming adaptive are the ones that bare risks in ever-changing and implementing their procedures based on what the external environment is doing. Acknowledging the changes in consumer preferences and taking the time to research and engage in changing the overall method of operation is an example of an adaptive culture. Last, the bureaucratic culture is formed when a leader values order, stability, status and efficiency (2010, p. 385). In contrast to the adaptive culture, the bureaucratic culture is structured to follow a set form of guidelines and policies. This kind of culture will strive to maintain stability within its operations without any consideration to changes or innovations. What keeps these organizations operational is stability and repetitiveness however, with con stant changing external factors such as economic welfare and global sustainability, many organizations have to divert from this path and become one who encourages flexibleness and change.Having a diverse culture in an organization is difficult especially when differences in making decisions and completing task vary from person to person. According to a global research program intended to describe the dimensions and good example of cultural differences, it describes sets of values different individuals appreciate varying from one surface area of the world to some other. One behavioral factor is individualism within oneself, this is defined as a psychological state in which people see themselves first as individuals and believe their own interest and values are primary. This kind of individual does not promote collaborative thinking or relationship building at the workplace, while it still may be present, the percentage is low.Nations that hold high individualistic organizations ar e those that promote individual achievement everyone has the ability to strive towards something for themselves. Countries such as The Unites States, Great Britain, and Canada represent a majority of individualism in organizations. The opposite is collectivism this kind of organizational behavior describes a collective and team effort workplace, where everyone is responsible for a groups success. Organizations that are considered collective form group work sessions and team goals that encourage everyone to help each other out. In the case of failure, the going outdoor(a) is distributed among everyone nobody is left to themselves. Nations that revolve around a collective environment include Greece, Japan, and Mexico.Another dimension in global culture is the level of masculinity and femininity within the organization. This type of influence does not needs have to do with gender or percentage of upper level management of different gender. Having a high level of masculinity generall y describes the behavioral tendencies of being assertive and competitive. The exact definition of masculinity is a culture that emphasizes on assertiveness and a competitive drive form money and material objects (2010, p. 392). What this states is that organizations that have a masculine tendency are those that strive to be the best the organization must compete against others and win.Having a drive for money and material objects describes the need to accomplish a goal or purpose to receive valuable results. Studies indicate that nations that display such masculinity in business and organizations are Japan and Italy. On the other side of the spectrum, femininity is described as a culture that emphasizes developing and nurturing face-to-face relationships and a high quality of life (2010, p. 392). This kind of influence in organizations tends to focus majorly on the best interest of others, rather than being competitive. These organizations have more concern on providing quality to the market, offering horny along with physical well being. Nations that are considered to preserve feministic views are Sweden and Denmark. organizational diversity is mainly considered as a type of culture that must be embraced in order to utilize the most of human resource which provide new insights to developing and promoting a consumer product that may be demanded. Embracing diversity is advantageous to organizations by opening new doors to merchandising strategies that retain longer relationships with consumers. Having different view on product development allows for flexibility and the sharing of ideas. It also has a tendency to retain gift within the organization this is true since many individuals view diversity in a workplace as a plus and comfort partition where they can express themselves.Members who feel comfortable in their workplace working alongside others who may have similar thoughts or cultural preferences will most likely stay longer. Absenteeism on site would decrease staggeringly and the amount of resignation would also decrease with long-term members referable to diversity encouragement. This is cost beneficial since high turnover of employees imposes costs to the organization, and having long term members increase job satisfaction which results in better quality and overall gains. The support of diversity also allows for members to interact with one another to form innovative methods of working forming cost saving and even better take products.However, with the positive outcomes of embracing diversity there are several negative downsides if not assessed or managed correctly. Having a very diverse culture may pose a chance or competitiveness or involuntariness to work from employees. Some may view the presence of another person from a completely different background as offensive or threat. It is important to acknowledge what members do and how to assess everybodys differences and values.Communication can sometimes be blocked due to l ack of communication skills, and differences of perception. The transmitter of a message may want to say something, but due to differences in culture, the receiver may decode the entire message incorrectly. It is important for leader to train employees on how to communicate messages and understand the appropriate verbiage and expressions that can be used in the professional organizational environment.While achieving organizational diversity, leaders are constantly challenged with obstacles that make it difficult for them to constitute a group of people with different backgrounds. It may not be impossible but may sometimes pose risks of having conflict within the workplace. One of these obstacles are individuals who are prejudice against others prejudice is the tendency to form an adverse opinion without just cause about people who are different from the mainstream in terms of their gender, race, ethnicity, or any other definable characteristics (2010, p. 398). Examples of prejudi ce occurrences in an organization can be the standard name or perception that management or production work is stringently a males job. Traditionally many women are pushed away from receiving equal rights as men in the workplace, but are now evolving into the new images of corporate management. There has been a drastic change in the amount of women in the workplace due to the external environment changing the way society lives.Another example of prejudice is discriminating against another person based on their ethnicity or cultural background. Many organizations are fighting against having levels of privileges and opportunities solely for a single group of people. The development of social-cultural group awareness and support associations from organizations has made available several opportunities for all types of peoples. A great example of an organization striving towards equality is Southwest Airlines personal websites created to promote and support several group of people of d ifferent race, sex, religion, and culture. This demonstrates that their corporate image stands behind their mission of providing everyone the same privileges and rights as everyone else.Having an understanding of organizational behavior and cultural makeup will enable managers to become better leaders. By analyzing the several characteristic each person within the organization holds will allow for managers to know how to confront that persons needs and work with them to increase job satisfaction and performance.ReferencesLussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2010). Leadership Behavior and Motivation. In R. N. Lussier, & C. F. Achua, Leadership (pp. 70-101). Mason South-Western Cengage Learning. Nadler, L. (1997, August 13). Leadership and Developing Diversity. Retrieved February 13, 2012, from Big blackguard & Little Dog s Performance Juxtaposition http//www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/diverse.html

Finding The Blessing Of God In Cancer Essay

The concept of destruction and the association journey towards this state has been the charge of intense interest among psychologists, clinicians and therapists for the closing curtain few decades. Efforts towards a better taking into custody of the psychological side of remnant and dying surrender been mostly payable to the significant increase in the number of case of physician-assisted suicide, as easily as uncanny awareness and religiosity. There are currently an increase number of reports that link spirituality and healing (OMahony et al. , 2005).Analysis of the psychological and spiritual causality of terminally ill forbearings, as well as their straightaway family relatives, will provide a means to better understand the projectile conditions that may be associated with their journey to the end of lifespan. When a enduring is informed by his physician that he has crabmeat, his life suddenly changes in an instant. The patients state of mind is filled with both f ear and foretaste, that perhaps there is a cure to this and that maybe he will without delay proceed to his last few months on this planet.In addition, a patients knowledge of having cancer affects his immediate family (Lipsman et al. , 2007). Research has indicated that several factors have facilitated cancer patients in going through the difficulty journey of life with cancer. It has been reported that communication has helped patients express their worries and concerns regarding their new health condition (Bar-Tal et al. , 2005). The entertain of the familys perceptions of cancer becomes an essential part of the mental and emotional condition of the cancer patient.It has been established that the attitude of the patients family has biasd the degree of hope and faith in the patient. As for the case of Jimmy H, a biyearly old boy with terminal cancer, the parents of this young boy have been precise supportive and encouraging, regardless of the knowledge that the radiation th erapy were only palliative and were non actually curing the patient. Yet the parents never gave up on keep their undersized boy and not even one of the parents showed a decrypt of doubt that things will turn out to be okay for their little boy, or for themselves as parents.The radiation therapist, Franklin, is amazed at the strength in spirit that this family has sh proclaim, amidst the grave knowledge that their little boy will be gone soon. This case study shows that amidst the hardships and fear of a serious ailment like cancer, human beings remedy find a way to contract the uprightness and learn from it. The case of Jimmy H and his parents battling cancer is a story of resilience and hope, when the normal reaction of any other someone to a life of cancer is helplessness, hopelessness, anger and distress.The family of Jimmy H shows that death could be regarded as the end stage of a journey and that their own attitudes during this journey may be happy or sad, depending on what they chose it to be. It is the decision of Jimmy Hs family to live the rest of their sons life with hope, faith and have it off, regardless of the inconvenience that their son would experience during his last few months on earth. The constant prayers that the family has been doing have also helped them accept the truth that cancer is present in their son.There are reports that describe the influence of prayer on healing, with supporting medical explanations for the improvement of the conditions of both patients and the members of the family (Anandarajah, 2008). It is also possible that the family of Jimmy H understands their current situation from another fate of view and this is through finding the mean of life, which is in their case not based on cancer, but on the opportunity to give love and care for one another, despite the shortness and difficulty of the condition of their family.It is gum olibanum understandable that even with cancer in the family, Jimmy H and his parents could still face their lives with calmness and hope, because they see that there is more to life than pain and suffering but the chance of sharing their lives with each other and providing themselves as good examples of perseverance to others as well. References Anandarajah, G. (2008).The 3H and BMSEST models for spirituality in multicultural whole-person medicine. account in Family Medicine, 6,448-458. Bar-Tal, Y. , Barnoy, S. and Zisser, B. (2005). Whose informational needs are considered? A comparison between cancer patients and their spouses perceptions of their own and their partners knowledge and informational needs. Social Science Medicine, 60,1459-1465. Lipsman, N. , Skanda, A. , Kimmelman, J. and Bernstein, M.(2007). The attitudes of brain cancer patients and their caregivers towards death and dying A qualitative study. BMC Palliative Care, 6,7-17. OMahony, S. , Goulet, J. , Kornblith, A. , Abbatiello, G. , Clarke, B. , Kless-Siegel, S. , Breitbart, W. and Payne, R. (2005). Desire for hastened death, cancer pain and depression report of a longitudinal observational study. ledger of Pain and Symptom Management, 29,446-457.

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A Winning Process for Launching Your engineer Career by dean C. Millard Course Topics include the Career Planning Process and Task/ cast Planning Understand Yourself Career Development and Choice Theories Interest and/or (Holland) Personality Assessments Understanding your personal values, dexteritys, interests, and traits and their impact on locomote possibilitiesValues and ethics relating to parcel outer choices Your strengths and promoting your strengths ( impart be used for elevator speech) Explore Options Researching and Exploring Engineering Careers and enjoyment Options Use of career libraries and other resources for occupational and major choices Databases and other online resources Decision making about your career In patternational and behavioral interviewing Interacting with Engineering Professional(s)/ talent at Careers Discussion Take Action Marketing Yourself How can you light upon yourself stand out? Resume and cover letter design twittering skills Net make up ing Internships Systems Engineering Understand the systems/team approach to modern engineering design What skills and experiences during your undergraduate career give prepare you best for the reality of todays workforce and its expectations? The place of graduate studies and how to assess the need, and undergraduate rowing selection implications. Leadership skill development and experiential learning opportunities. Entrepreneurship may be a goal. What strategies should you honor an eye on? The importance of excellent communication skills.Team functioning guidelines The consort consists of mandatory vexs in concert with formulation and split up exercises that allow allow you to tailor the material presented in class to make appropriate career choices and enhance your career development. Topics will be presented in a summary fashion during lectures and will be investigated in more detail through outside assignments and subsequent in- class presentations and discussion. Some readings may be at profession websites. The course blackboard website will be the primary method of distri preciselying information, assignments, and class documents.One other furrow about the rouser website Please be sure you are registered with your signalise exactly as you are registered in this course. And only use your authorised Cornell email as the email address when you sign in and put down in apiece time. Also, send ALL emails only from your official Cornell da Gamma account, others will not be opened, including if they are a nickname or an alias. Please be sure to keep electronic (backup) copies of ALL the documents you reverse in to this course until after you receive your final grade.If allthing is lost along the way, you can then easily locate, and resubmit any missing comments for credit. You will also find your assessment results you AC aired in the course may be useful to you subsequently in your career. Please keep these materials for your personal use once you finish our course Course tearing down On-time class attendance, participation in in-class discussions, and satisfactory, on-time completion of course assignments will fall your final grade in this seminar course. This seminar only helps you make good career plans if you are a serious, motivated, and active participant. Opts. Will be earned for all(prenominal) lecture attended on time and only if attending or the entire class period. 10 Opts. Will be earned for each homework satisfactorily completed, typed, and submitted on time in class. A 40% penalty will be assessed for all late materials turned in after they are payable in class, up to one hebdomad late or for turning in an unsatisfactory submission which must(prenominal) be redone. O Opts. Credit will be earned for homework turned in more than one week after the due date although all assignments still must be completed satisfactorily and turned in to pass the course.Several homework assignments may be apt(p) higher weighting particularly he final project and these will be announced in class and on the assignment tatter posted on Blackboard. In addition, some assignments will be group- oriented. Absences from lecture will only be excused for official university reasons and for communicable diseases much(prenominal) as the flu when you should remain at home and take care of yourself. The official university reasons are illness and absence from campus on official university business, the later must be documented in writing.Proof of any missing work must be submitted prior to the final exam date, ND be of acceptable quality. Remember, any assignment turned in more than 1 week late will receive zero credit towards your grade, but the assignment must still be submitted in satisfactory form to complete the course. Final Letter Grading will be ground on the percentage score out of the total possible as follows AAA 100 % 89. 9 % ICC 79. 9% D 60-69. 9% down the stairs 60 % OR if missing or unsati sfactorily completed any required assignments 1. Tuesday, January 27th In class Introduction/overview of course and course materials (Ready for Takeoff)

Hiroshima Diary Essay

First of all, I would like to say that you pee an overall ripe(p) paper in my opinion. The first thing that I notify suggest is a better hook. My attention wasnt haggard into the paper. I suggest a adduce by a scientist or other survivor, and/or a statistic nearthing that leave alone make a reviewer think ab let out the paper more. Another thing that I can recommend is to add a little bit more desktop on the two narratives, but just very brief (a duad sentences). Also Id like to point out some things that you could use to improve your thesis. The essay is about cause and effect so it has to be mentioned in your thesis. Also mention the 2 things you will par between the two stories so the reader has an idea where the paper will be going.Other things I noticed that sounded awkward are the personal manner you used quotes. Introducing quotes is a better strategy than just using the quote as a sentence (paragraph 2) as it gives a better carry and gives a better explanation for your argument. Also in my opinion you could magnify more on your analysis of both paragraphs and connect your argument to the thesis and to each other so you have a better military rank of the discussed motion.There are several other small issues that I found. In paragraph 3 you used a long quote, which is 4+ lines, and it should be in a block format and indented. Also you used very short sentences such as, Here are the quotes for the effect. Using more compound sentences gives a better flow and a more professional require to your essay.You also had some good things in your essay. You provided very concise compendious to inform a reader about the story and point out the most important information. You point. Also you have very good topic sentences introducing the argument of that paragraph. From your topic sentences I was able to know what they paragraph would be about, and you were consistent with it.After reading your essay and compared it to my own, I figured that I nee d to include a better summary. I do not give sufficient background information to be enough for my analysis. Junjie, you did a great job at providing accurate citations, great summary and good analysis. However, you could work on expanding your synthesis and evaluation of the argument in your ashes paragraph. Otherwise, good job.

My Self

I believe that multifarious factors make a person an individual who is anomalous and distinct from separates. Most of these factors work their magic early on in a mans life, consisting of experiences in childhood and adolescence, which shape a persons philosophy and values in life. I was prospered to have a childhood that gave me a sense of respect towards my parents and other family members, especially my elders. My childhood and adolescence taught me to treat my family as a sacred affaire and give it the importance it deserves. Moreover, I know that our socioeconomic status gave me the halal perspective and drive to aim high in my studies and avoid taking risks.My close relationship with my family also allowed me to become open to forming close and believe friendships. Thus, my childhood can be generally described as non-traumatic, spell for a single car accident that left me a some injuries. Nevertheless, such an experience did not prevent me from studying hard in class, which made adults see me as a smart child who has more than what meets the eyes.My open relationship with my friends and family shaped my disposition as an active and open-minded person, who is always willinging to help. I am also generally jovial, ad this helps me get along with others easily. I continue to live by my pedantic skills I acquired since childhood, and I pride myself in being a spry learner and a good researcher. My view of manhood and sexuality is reconciled with my personal philosophy, which is bound by honesty, dignity and resoluteness.Given this personal backdrop, I wear my future life to be bright and full of promises. I will work hard to achieve a happy family life and a successful professional career. Therefore, I will keep on prosecute further studies, careful not to let any kind of hindrance get in my way. I know that my friends and family would be with me every measurement of the way while I tread the road to personal offshoot and fulfillment.

New Product Development for Marketing Essay

Competition employ to be among buckrams of same size and same capabilities, today the situation has changed and we can shape controversy amongst what is considered dinky and prominent upstandings and form incompatible countries. The knowledge base is more globalized and flatter and bouffant numbers of firms have equal resources and recall of production. According to Thomas Friedman there be primer behind a flatter area and reduced gap between firms in different countries (Insourcing, outsourcing, off shoring and supply-chain).The concept of triple converging is an addition reason for world flattener, the first convergence is when all ten flatteners work in concert to create a flatter, global playing field the second convergence adopts new habits like moving from vertical to horizontal mean of creating value, in other words we must understand the process of new technology internally in a firm before the outcome range the consumers, and finally the third convergence is the introduction of new people and tools in the production process and leads to more competition and connection between peoples. come out of the closet of clutter find simplicity, from discord find harmony and in the midst of unenviabley lays opportunity (Einstein). All entrepreneurs and CEOs are reacting to the changes in the world in recent years and the flattening of the world it is clear that splendid and big firms are running after economic growth but can they do it without change in their core ideology? What must firms do to verification in business in a flat world? on that point is evidence today that all kind of firms and big companies are closely using the same technologies, markets and research innovations this would lead to a competition between small and local firm and other international firms and even competition between countries. What is unique about the flat world is the degree to which individuals, or small groups, can now act and compete globally (Friedman 2005 p 447). Innovation comes from creating an environment that encourages people to stretch their imagination and turn the ideas into immaculate goods and emoluments.These characteristics (technology, innovation and market studies) will allow the small firms to act big by implementing what you are imagining. The best example of a local or regional firm and competing with multinational firms is Aramex the first package delivery service in the Arab world. When Fadi Ghandour the founder and current CEO of Aramex started the compevery, there was only nonpareil service parcel delivery operating in the Middle eastern United States and it was DHL.How Aramex became a competitor to DHL? They ecide to approach American companies like FedEx and offer them to be their delivery service in the Middle East in align to beat DHL because Aramex knows the Arab markets more than Airborne express and they started the delivery with the partnership of small delivery firms from Egypt to turkey and S audi Arabia and lately to Iran and Pakistan, so as a leave Aramex created its own network. In addition Aramex adopted Airborne remains (computerized tracking and tracing system, unified language, and whole tone standards) as a result Aramex dominated the parcel delivery service in the Arab world.When DHL acquired Airborne and Aramex was left(p) al one and only(a) with no system to use, so they developed new one with the help of Jordanian software and industrial engineers and depend on the entanglement and real-time tracking and tracing. Now the small company step up to replace Airborne due to an effective global network, by focusing on a specific market and serving it with high quality service with lower time and be. Now Aramex is considered a flat company, jibe to Ghandour every worker in the company has a computer with email and internet access so he can know what is press release on without many reports from senior managers.He also said I was big locally and small inter nationally and I reversed that. Aramex has benefited from the flattening of the world by leveling the economic field and breaking trade to barriers, any company in the world can compete globally. Oligopoly market used to show us a market with a dominant firm and others described as follower and mostly considered small firms the dominant firm can set a low price and make it difficult to small firms to compete and sometimes force them to leave the market.When world exit more flat according to Friedman, small firms can compete with bigger ones and the competition is not only small against small and big firms against all(prenominal) others. The main reasons behind the reduction of the gap between small and big firms are technology, innovation, Insourcing, and market niche. These will help small firms to reduce costs and increase quality and prevent big firms from enjoying economies of scale and putting barriers to debut the example of Aramex is an inspirational closing thought one of a small Arab company that made it big in the world platform

Effects of Punishment

Punish workforcet and sentencing be an integral part of our criminal arbiter musical arrangement. There are four-spot basic philosophical reasons for sentencing retri aloneion, bullying, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. There are some factors that that house affect how a wrongdoer is penalise. There is a debate surrounding capital penalisation with very distinct racks. These topics impart be covered in this paper. Purpose of Sentencing There are four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing retribution, bullying, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Retribution is the oldest and most common justification for sonorous someone.In a system of justice that favors retribution, a wrongdoer who has freely chosen to violate societys rules moldiness be punished for the infraction. Retribution relies on the principle of just deserts, which holds that the severity of the punishment must be in proportion to the severity of the crime. This is not the same as revenge because retr ibution is more concerned with the needs of society as a whole instead of just the victim or victims. disincentive seeks to punish wrongdoers and to prevent future crimes by telescope an example.By setting an example society is sending a message to potential criminals that accepted actions leave alone not be tolerated. There are two forms of deterrence general and specific. The basic idea of general deterrence is that by sound one person, others bequeath be dissuaded from committing a similar crime. Specific deterrence assumes that an individual, after being punished once for a certain act, will be less likely to repeat that act because she or he does not want to be punished again. Incapacitation is another strategy for preventing crime.Incapacitation is the custody of wrongdoers in prison, preventing the offender from committing both future crimes. The final doctrine is rehabilitation. The philosophy of rehabilitation is that society is best served when wrongdoers are not s imply punished, but provided the resources needed to eliminate criminality from their behavioral patterns. Factors of Sentencing The sentencing ritual strongly lends itself to the image of individualized justice. There are two factors that most resolve analyse before sentencing a wrongdoer, the seriousness of the crime and if there are any mitigating or aggravating circle.The Seriousness of the Crime is the primary factor in a pretends sentencing decision. The more serious the crime is, the harsher the punishment. every judge has their own method of determining the seriousness of an iniquity. Most judges will simply con situationr the conviction offense thats where they purse the sentence on the crime for which the defendant was convicted. Other judges point on the real offense in determining the punishment for a wrongdoer. The real offense is based on the actual behavior of the defendant, disregarding of the official conviction.Many prosecutors and defense attorneys are op posed to real offense procedures because they can render a plea bargain meaningless. Mitigating and aggravating circumstances are circumstances surrounding a crime that whitethorn breathe in a judge to adjust the sentence so that it more accurately reflects the totality of the crime. Mitigating circumstances are circumstances that may justify a lighter sentence and aggravating circumstances are circumstances may justify a harsher sentence. A defendants youth or the fact that the defendant was coerced into committing the crime could be considered a mitigating circumstance.A prior(prenominal) record, a blatant disregard for safety, or the use of a gun can be aggravating circumstances that could lead a judge to inflict a harsher penalty than might otherwise be the case. outstanding Punishment Capital punishment is the use of the death penalty to punish wrongdoers for certain crimes. Capital punishment is the ultimate deterrent by variation those executed incapable of committing fu rther crimes. If a murderer is dead they will no longer be a threat to society. Another viewpoint is that the criminal justice system is infallible.What this viewpoint says is that many American men and women who had been convicted of capital crimes and sentenced to death were later found to be innocent. That is the problem with the system that sometimes prosecutors will convict an innocent person just to closing curtain a case. Conclusion The four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing are an integral part of our criminal justice system. There are some factors that that can affect how a wrongdoer is punished. The debate surrounding capital punishment will most likely never end since every side has their own viewpoints.

“Archetypes for a Contemporary Audience” Essay

Myths ar an important ethnic aspect that were, and are to this day, apply comm and to help teach unattack adapted motive and life lessons. Strength, courage, and fortitude are just a few lineamentistics address in mythology. The archetypal layout of an exemplary story is composed of the 12 Stages. The Twelve Stages of a heros journey are the steps either person must take in order to prove nonpareilnesss self as a hero. Mythical heroes such as Theseus, Sigurd, and Beowulf clearly demonstrate the archetypal qualities of a hero.A typical hero is seen as a mor all told(prenominal)y just individual, with a noniceably ethical intent. An archetypal quality of a hero is moral goodnessness. The hero is forever opposing nefariousness and wrong-doing, while attempting his best to halt it. The hero is unselfish forever willing to give his life in place of another.A villain, or monster, is the opposed force of the hero, whose intent is solely based close to a malicious and self -centered motive. The shadow-self of a character is often pictured as the villain, or monster, exactly it has a such(prenominal) greater importance. The shadow-self illustrates the both extremes of a personality. Since the shadow-self is the complete opposite of a character, the good and bad qualities of that character are sh give birth, the shadow self of a character can suck up both good and bad aspects.When some one is able to control the good aspects of both characters, the individual is able to grow and learn from themselves. The shadow-self is often used in books, because it is seen as the perfect gainsay for the protagonist. An example in literary productions would be Beowulf and Gr determinationel. Beowulf is a great hero driven by good morals and intentions, while Grendel is a soulless monster living hardly to cause pain and death. Another example would be Sigurd and Regin. Sigurd is somewhat uninitiated and physically strong, Regin, being the opposite, is extremel y intelligent and persuasive, but not physically robust.Monsters are often confused with the shadow-self, but the monster can persona similar qualities, values, and goals with the protagonist. Most monsters are shown as creatures, or the great unwashed, who are not bound by the conforming laws set in place for the medium person. In many cases with monsters in literature, there is a figurative suppress drawn over them shrouding them in mystery and un certain(a)ty.These aspects draw peoples fascination by providing the reader with a form of escapism. Thus, allowing the reader to pass out away from the dull, constant, day-to-day routine oftheir lives, and discover a new unacquainted with(predicate) world. By providing this new reality for the reader the monsters berth in the narrative is greatly enhanced. When combining heroic qualities with villainous attributes, a perfect balance is formed. Most literature contains some manner of booking between heroes and villains. Without co nflict, the story would have no distinguishable design or purpose.Without the purpose or design the story would ramble aimlessly, until a much desired conclusion is reached. This egests back into the balance between hero and villain, because the humans of a hero or villain depends greatly upon the existence of the other. The footing for this is simple, because there is no need for a hero if there is no villain, and the same applies to a villain, who has no hero to rise up against. The pilot and quest of a hero is often riddled with hardship and traitorousness Then an gaga harrower of the dark happened to find the hoard open, the burning one who hunts out barrows, the slick-skinned dragon, threatening the night sky with streamers of fire.People on the farms are in dread of him. He is driven to hunt out hoards chthonic ground, to guard heathen gold When the dragon awoke, trouble flared again. He flow down the rock, writhing with anger when he saw the footprints of the prowler who had stolen likewise close to his dreaming head. So may a man not marked by fate easily escape exile and agony by the grace of God. (Heaney-155) This quote from Beowulf shows that quest for treasure is always challenging.The channel to the treasure is filled with tests and confrontations that are put in place to challenge the heros skills and knowledge. When the location of the treasure is finally reached, there is always a final obstacle blocking the way of the treasure. A super acid example of this is a dragon in its lair, sleeping soundly, guarding its treasure from unwelcome thieves. Beowulfs final fight with the dragon is an axiomatic example.In the story, Theseus and the Ariadne run Theseus uses a thread given to him by Ariadne. As may be imagined, he made no difficulty about that, and she gave him the clue she had got from Daedalus, a ball of thread which he was to fasten at one end to the inside of the door and unwind as he went on. This he did and, certain that he could retrace his steps whenever he chose, he walked boldly into the maze, feeling for the Minotaur.(Theseus 776)The thread was used to help Theseus remember where he had already been,and to lead him back to his original starting position, and keep him from getting lost in the maze. A valuable lesson can be learned from this thread, as it symbolizes union to a person, place, or thing that brings us back to reality, when we are in need of direction.The slaying of the dragon is seen as the overcoming of an obstacle After what seemed minutes, he thought, I must risk it now. With that he straightened his knees and drove the sword up with all his force. It tore up through the cloak, through the loose earth, and on with the force of his arm until it buried itself to the hilt. A great cry came from the monster. (Who are You Quoting Here?)Being able to overcome an obstacle is important, because it allows the person to submit to change and growth. As a contemporary audience we are able to read this, and be able to apply the knowledge gained from reading, in our own lives.The heroic epic poem Beowulf is a remarkable example of archetypes in a story. Beowulf is centered on a Scandinavian hero who is both strong and cunning. Beowulf is the classic hero everyone envisions when they think of a hero. Grendel, Beowulfs shadow-self, is an obvious archetypal villain. Beowulfs many quests represent the typical hunt for treasure. Beowulfs final adventure, which would lead to his death, was by far the most archetypal of all of his endeavors, completing the last few stages of the Heros Journey.The poem Beowulf has a lot of psychological depth contained within the story. In preparation for the encounter with Grendels mother, Beowulf must sink to the bottom of a lake, to get to the submersed lair. Beowulf must sink for hours to get to the bottom, and in doing so, this event displays that Beowulfs psychological strength is just as robust as his physical strength. erst Beowulf reached Grendels mothers lair, Hrunting, a sword that had never failed in battle, was broken when it attempted to pierce the monsters skin. Beowulf was quick to unarm the sword and reequip with a giantssword, which happened to be conveniently placed in the lair.The significance of this in the story demonstrates the idea that un-useful things should be quickly discarded, as they are only weighing you down. Letting go of things that only slow you down, or hold you back from your true potential, will secrete you to move forward in your lifes quest. Once an obstacle, or hindrance, in your life is gone, you are able to look for another substitute(a) or way out.The last important archetypal piece in Beowulf is Beowulfs final fight with the dragon. This fulfills two of the 12 stages The Resurrection and the Return with the Elixir. When Beowulf defeats the dragon, but is also killed in the process, the resurrection is displayed when Beowulf comes to release his death. When Beowulf real izes his death is upon him he reminisces about his old heroic deeds, and comprehends the valor of his actions.The twelfth stage is exemplified when Wiglaf, the only one of Beowulfs men who didnt desert him, retrieves some of the treasure, won by Beowulf, and shows Beowulf the spoils. Finally, when Wiglaf returns to the people and tells them of Beowulfs death, along with a prediction of the upcoming days, the people amply realize what their leader has done for them, and they feel sorrow and remorse.The works of literature Beowulf, Sigurd the Dragon Slayer, and Theseus still maintain relevance in nows society. The heroic qualities of these heroes are still admired and sought later by the people of today. Reading these stories will provide the reader with a greater knowledge of how our society bases its morals.The morals of any society are based on the archetype of whom ever that society deems to be the ultimate good example. The age old battle between good and evil is still being f ought out in everyday life, and each one of us is a character in the drama of human history. We all need heroes, because we all feel the threat of evil, or villains, in our lives.